Changes

:* Learn how to access your '''Matrix''' server account from a '''remote ''' computer.

:* Issue a '''checking program''' (i.e. ''Shell Script'') to '''confirm''' that you accessed your Matrix account. :* Perform the '''the first two sections on section and half of the second section of online assignment #1''' to issue '''general Linux commands'''.

|colspan="2" |Slides:<ul><li>[https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saul/uli101/ULI101-Week1.pdf PDF] | [https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saul/uli101/ULI101-Week1.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>Tutorials:<ul><li>[[https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#INVESTIGATION_1:_ACCESSING_YOUR_MATRIX_LINUX_ACCOUNT HOWTO: Access Your Matrix Account]]</li><li>[http://czegel.com/seneca/uli101/lectures/Lecture1.html Les Czegel's Week 1 Notes (HTML)]</li></ul>Windows SSH client Software:<ul><li>[http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe SSH/SFTP]</li><li>[http://the.earth.li/%7Esgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.exe Putty]</li><li>[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-download Bitvise SSH Client]</li><li>[https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/download-home-edition.html MovaXterm]</li></ul>

|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|Brauer Instructional Videos:<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEH6i_BKOBo&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2&t=0s L5RcOngDV_o Connecting to Matrix Using SSH Client, Starting the Assignments, and Running UBUNTU Within Windows 10]<br><br></li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wZmZOKLllk&list=PLU1b1f-2Oe90TuYfifnWulINjMv_Wr16N&index=2 Linux File System, Basic Navigation (ls, cd, pwd, tree), Absolute and Relative Paths]</li></ul>

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Learning Content Management System (''Link to Resources'' / ''Student Grades '' / Notes / ''Online Quizzes'')

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Main ICT WebserverCourse website for same material as ULI101 WIKI (see below)

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Course WIKIs for Seneca College Students''Student Notes'' / ''Tutorials'' / ''Practice Questions'' / ''Resources''

| style="padding-left:15px;width:65%" |Linux Account for Student "''hands-on Practice ''" and Assignment submission

Although you need to study concepts (slides) throughout this course, you will also need to learn to get '''issue simple hands-on practice running Linux commands as well as more advanced Linux commandsperforming online tutorials and performing and submitting online course assignments'''. <br>This requires that you practice issuing Linux commands on a frequent basis to become more comfortable when working within the '''Unixconnect to a Linux server''' and become comfortable with '''issuing Linux command-line environmentscommands'''.

For this course, it is important to learn how to '''open a command prompt in order to issue commands to perform common tasks'''. In Unix/Linux, a '''shell''' is simply an '''interface / interpreter ''' to allow a user to communicate with the Linux computer system (server). Linux shells have evolved (improved) over a period of time. You will be using the '''Bash Shell''' which is considered to be ''user-friendly''. By understanding how to issue Linux commands, you can create a file that contains Linux commands (called a '''shell script''') later in this course to automate tasks to make you a more '''productive''' Linux user and system administrator.

[[Image:matrix-layout.png|thumb|right|250px|The Matrix server consists of several Virtual Computers all connected together to form a '''cluster'''. A '''Linux Cluster ''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to larger servers. ]]

The '''Matrix server ''' consists of '''several Virtual Computers computers connected together''' to form a '''cluster'''.<br>A '''Linux cluster ''' is a '''cost effective''' alternative to buying larger servers.

===Connecting to the Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect Student VPN===[[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|'''Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect Student VPN''' ]]

Seneca College is "rolling-out" additional measures to improve '''network security'''. One of these measures<br>is to implement '''multi-factored authentication'''. As of '''September 2020''', all Seneca College students are required<br>to connect to the '''Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect Student VPN''' in order to be able to connect to their '''Matrix''' Linux account.<br><br>''<b>Multi-factor authentication</b> is an electronic authentication method in which a computer user is granted access to a website or application only after successfully presenting two or more pieces of evidence (or factors) to an authentication mechanism: knowledge (something the user and only the user knows).'' Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication<br><br>You should have received an email message (also available in course announcements) regarding how to setup you your Smart Phone to connect and valid via the Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect Student VPN. '''NOTE:''' If you haven't done this yet, please perform the steps provided in the following link:<br>https://employees.senecacollege.ca/spaces/77/it-services/wiki/view/3722/student-vpn<br><br>

 [[Image:cli-prompt.png|thumb|right|120px80px|]]After connecting to the Seneca Global PortalGlobalProtect Student VPN, you can open a '''command terminal '''<br>in your '''Newer Windows 10''', '''Mac''' or '''Linux''' computer and issue the following command:<br><br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;">ssh senecauserid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>[[Image:ssh-application-icon.png|right|80px|]]You can also click on the following link to '''download ''' and '''install ''' a graphical SSH application for your Windows machine:<br>http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe<br><br>

You need <span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': Depending on your ULI101 instructor, you may be required to run an application (or command) called complete this tutorial for '''SSHmarks''' in order to securely connect this course.<br>Please refer to your Matrix Linux accountinstructor's course notes and lecture notes regarding evaluation for this course.<br><br>The due date for successfully completing this tutorial (i.e. '''tutorial 1''') is by '''Friday by midnight''' next week (i.e. '''Week 2''').<br>where If your instructor has NOT assigned marks for completing this tutorial, you will learn to work in the Linux environmentcan perform it for '''practice'''.</span><br><br>

In this investigation, you will learn how to connect and login to your Matrix account by issuing a command from your computer's text-based terminal<br>and/or by downloading, installing a running a graphical Windows SSH graphical application.

===CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM A COMMAND LINETERMINAL===

[[Image:gp1.png|thumb|right|130px|The '''Global PortalGlobalProtect Student VPN''' service must be connected.]]You will now learn a quick and simple method of connecting to your Matrix account by opening<br>a text-based '''terminal''' (in any OS) and issuing the '''ssh command'''.<br><br>

'''Perform the Following Steps:'''# Before proceeding, make certain that your '''Seneca Global Portal GlobalProtect Student VPN is connected'''.<br><br>If you haven't set this up, refer to the following link for instructions;<br>https://employees.senecacollege.ca/spaces/77/it-services/wiki/view/3722/student-vpn<br><br>Let's learn a quick and simple method of connecting to your Matrix account by opening<br>a text-based '''terminalNOTE:''' and issuing You only have to connect to your Seneca GlobalProtect student VPN once during the '''ssh command'''day,<br>or while you are logged into your computer.<br><br># Determine which '''operating system ''' that your computer is using.<br><br># Try connecting to your Matrix account using the instructions in the '''table ''' below based on <u>your</u> '''current operating system'''.<br><br>

*Launch Click ''Launchpad'Terminal'icon, type '' from the 'terminal''finder'<br>and press '''ENTER''' utility

*From the menu, choose:<br>'''Applications''' > '''System Tools''' > '''Terminal'''.

<ol><li value="4">When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a '''dialog box ''' will appear to share a "'''public key'''" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users)<br><br>'''<b>FYI:''' </b> To make communications over a network '''secure''', a computer generates '''two keys''': a '''private key''' that is kept on the computer, and a '''public key''', which can be shared with other computers. Transmissions from your computer uses the private key to encrypt ('''scramble''') transmission to the remote computer, which in turn, uses the public key to decrypt (unscramble) the transmission. Likewise, the remote computer uses the public key to encrypt (scramble) transmissions and your computer uses the private key to decrypt ('''unscramble''') those transmissions.''<br><br></li><li>Type '''Yesyes''' and press '''ENTER''' to share your public key.<br><br></li><li>Next, a '''dialog box ''' will appear prompting you for your Matrix account '''password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. <br>Your Matrix password is <u>identical </u> to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be '''blocked-out ''' or '''hidden '''<br>to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password<br><br></li><li>Enter your Seneca password and press '''ENTER'''<br><br></li>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to ''my.senecacollege.ca'')</li></olbr><br>If you continue to experience the same problems,<br>click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: <br>[https://employees.senecacollege.ca/spaces/122/support/wiki/view/3524/contact-its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br></li></ol><li>If you entered your password correctly, the main SSH '''Matrix Linux shell ''' should appear where you can enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. <br>The main reason for this is to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands'''.<br><br></li><li>To '''exit ''' your Matrix session, type the command <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that you are returned to the original command prompt where you issued the ''ssh'' command.<br><br></li><li>Type the same command at the '''command terminal prompt''': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that the you are disconnected and that the original terminal window has '''automatically closed'''.<br><br></li><li>Try accessing your Matrix account, and then exiting your Matrix account several times to become familiar with this process.<br><br>You will now learn an '''alternative method ''' to access your Matrix account (if you have an MS Windows machine)<br>by downloading and running a graphical SSH application<br>(assuming that you are running MS Windows).</li></ol><br>

===CONNECTING TO YOUR MATRIX ACCOUNT FROM A GRAPHICAL WINDOWS APPLICATION===

# You will be taken to the ''authentication dialog box'': enter your Seneca College username and password.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ma_4.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on on the blue area.]]</td><td>[[Image:ma_5.png|thumb|right|150px|Click on '''Next''' to install the streaming application.]]</td><td>[[Image:apps-anywhere-main-window.png|thumb|right|250px|'''MyApps''' ('''AppsAnywhere''') Main Application Window ]]</td></table># A '''dialog box ''' appears to offer a choice of actions. You need to install an application to support the Apps Anywhere streaming service.<br>Click on the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">blue</span> area to install the application.<br><br>

# Several SSH applications will appear. <br><br>'''NOTE:''' All of these applications allow you to connect to your Matrix account.<br>We will use the application called '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' for this practice tutorial.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an error trying to launch the SSH application via AppsAnywhere,<br>click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: [https://insideemployees.senecacollege.ca/itsspaces/122/support/wiki/view/3524/servicecontact-catalogue/contacts.html its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br>

# '''Click''' the following '''link''' to download and install the free SSH Secure Shell application on your Windows computer:<br>http://www.sfsu.edu/ftp/win/ssh/SSHSecureShellClient-3.2.9.exe<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you can't download or run this link, check to see if you computer allows downloads from this site.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ssh-application-icon.png|thumb|right|75px|Double-click SSH icon on desktop to launch application]]</td><td>[[Image:ssh-main-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Client Application Window ]]</td></table># After the application has been installed, an application icon should appear on your desktop.<br>'''Double click''' the '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application iconto run this application.<br><br>The main SSH Client window will appear. Let's learn how to connect to and login to our Matrix account<br>using this graphical SSH application.<br><br># Click the '''Quick Connect''' button.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The ''Connect dialog box '' allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name'''<br>to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>[[Image:quick-connect-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Quick Connect Dialog Box ]]# Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname ''' and enter type the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can use the hostname '''matrix''' since if you are located <u>inside</u> at Seneca's networkcollege.<br>If you where located <u>outside</u> Seneca's network, then you would need to enter <br>the <u>full </u> domain name: '''matrix.senecacollege.ca'''<br><br>You will be using the latter hostname since you will be connecting to your Matrix account remotely <br>and not within the college.<br><br>[[Image:share-public-key.png|thumb|right|150px|Dialog Box to Share Public Key on Remote Server ]]# Click on the textbox labelled '''User Name''' and type your Seneca username (i.e. same as your Seneca userid).<br><br> # Click the '''Connect''' button.<br><br># When connecting securely for the '''first time''', a '''dialog box ''' will appear to share a "public key" with your Matrix account in order to make your interaction between your workstation and the remote Linux server secure within the network (i.e. encrypted to prevent unauthorized access by other users).<br><br># Click the '''Yes''' button to share your public key.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' In subsequent logins to your Matrix account, you may experience a ''welcome dialog box'' - simply click '''OK''' to proceed.<br><br># Next, a '''dialog box ''' will appear prompting you for your '''Matrix account password''' in order to gain entry to your Matrix account. Your Matrix password is identical to your Seneca password. As you type the password, the text will be blocked-out or hidden to prevent others from viewing the screen to obtain your password<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:ssh-password-prompt.png|thumb|right|150px|Password Dialog Box ]]</td><td>[[Image:ssh-authentication-response.png|thumb|right|150px|Authentication Response Dialog Box ]]</td></table># '''Enter your password ''' and click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER'''.<br><br>[[Image:ssh-login-error.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Login Error ]]# Click '''OK''' or press '''ENTER''' at the '''Authentication Responsedialog box''' dialog box.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' If you encounter an '''error message''', this can occur for several reasons:<ol><li>You mis-spelled the '''name of the server'''</li><li>You mis-spelled your Matrix '''username''' (same username that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li><li>You have '''CAPS LOCK''' on by mistake (your username should be '''lowercase''' only).</li><li>You mis-spelled your '''password''' (same password that you connect to my.senecacollege.ca)</li></ol><br>If you continue to experience the same problems,<br>click on the following link for IT service desk contact info: [https://insideemployees.senecacollege.ca/itsspaces/122/support/wiki/view/3524/servicecontact-catalogue/contacts.html its '''IT service desk'''].<br><br>[[Image:ssh-shell-window.png|thumb|right|150px|Matrix Shell Command Line Interface ]]#If you entered your password followed the login steps correctly, the main '''SSH Linux shell should appear ''' where you enter Linux commands.<br><br>The '''Matrix''' server has been configured to allow users to '''only interact with the Linux OS by issuing commands'''. There are various reasons for this, but the main 2 reasons are to '''force students to learn how to issue Linux commands''' as well as '''limitations to remote access to a graphical Linux server''' due to large number of users (students).<br><br>Later in the course, your instructor may demonstrate other ways of accessing '''graphical versions of Linux''', and how to launch a shell terminal.<br><br>

'''Configuring your Graphical Windows SSH Application'''

You can '''configure''' the your Windows graphical SSH application to adjust elements such as the '''window size''' and <br>'''text font type''' and text '''text font size'''. [[Image:ssh-settings-window.png|thumb|right|150px|SSH Settings Dialog Box ]]<br><br>We will now show you how to configure just your '''SSH Secure Shell Client''' application, but the <br>(FYI: other SSH applications can allow you available in the '''Week 1 reference section''' also have the ability to configure their settings).<br><br>

# Try moving your mouse pointer to the bottom right-hand corner of the SSH application window,<br>then '''click and drag''' outwards to make the application window larger.<br><br># To exit your Matrix session, type the command <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">exit</span> followed by '''ENTER'''<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You should notice that the colour of the text changes slightly when disconnected <br>and you are unable to issue Linux commands from that window.<br><br># After you have disconnected from your account, '''close ''' the SSH Secure Shell Client application window.<br><br>It is recommended '''NOTE:''' You are '''STRONGLY ADVISED''' to repeat these steps with connecting use the '''exit''' command to properly terminate your Matrix account from a Seneca lab workstation until you become comfortable with session<br>'''<u>PRIOR</u>''' to closing the process.SSH or terminal application window!<br><br>In the next investigation, you will learn how to '''issue Linux commands ''', issue a '''checking program''' to confirm that you logged into your Matrix account, and how to <u>setup </u> and <u>perform </u> the '''first two sections of the online ULI101 assignment #1'''.<br><br>

=INVESTIGATION 2: USING THE LINUX SHELL / ONLINE ASSIGNMENTS EVALUATION =

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to use the Linux Shell. Topics in the section include:

:* Learn the basic '''Linux command structure''' (''arguments '' and ''options''):* Learn how to get '''help''' for Linux commands with manpages via the '''online manual''' (i.e. '''man''' command).:* Learn Perform '''Basic Shell Editing''':* Issue a '''program''' to confirm that you connected to your Matrix account:* Learn how to perform setup '''online assignmentsassignment 1'''.:* Perform the '''first two sections section''' and 3 parts of the '''second section''' of '''online assignment #1'''.<br><br>

'''The General Linux Command Structure is as follows:'''<br><span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">command argument1 argument2 ... </span> Some Linux commands can be issued by entering the Linux command line without arguments (e.g. '''pwd''', '''date''', '''ls''', '''cal'''),<br>but some many Linux commands can be issued with arguments (e.g. '''cal 2002''', '''cd /bin''', '''ls -lal -a /bin''' ).<br><br>'''What Does an Argument Represent?'''

An '''Linux Command Structureargument'''can respresent::* a '''file pathname''':* a command '''option''':* a series of characters (i.e. '''text''') that the command can use

An '''argument''' is <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold"u>separated</u> from a command argument1 argument2 ..(or from other arguments) by a '''SPACE''', '''MULTIPLE SPACES''' or a '''TAB'''. </spanbr><br>

An '''argumentPerform the Following Steps:''' can be a '''pathname''', '''text''', '''option''', etc.

An # Make certain that you are logged into your Matrix account.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>The output from this Linux command basically shows your '''argumentcurrent location''' in the Matrix server.<br>This represents a '''directory pathname''' to your home directory. We will discuss ''pathnames'' later in this course.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br>If there were any files in your home directory, just their file names would be displayed.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command using an '''option''' is : <uspan style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">separatedls -l</uspan><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br> from The '''-l''' option with the '''ls''' command provides a command '''detailed''' (or from other arguments"''long''") by listing of files providing more information on a separate line for each file.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to return to your home directory: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls /bin</span><br><br> # Issue the following Linux command to confirm your current location: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">pwd</span><br><br>What do you notice?<br><br>What makes this command with that argument useful if you are current located in your home directory?<br><br># Issue a Linux command that you have already learned to change to your '''SPACEhome'''directory<br>and to '''confirm''' that you have returned to your home directory.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">clear</span><br><br>What do you notice? How would this command be helpful?<br>'''FYI:''' The short-cut keys to clear the screen for the Bash shell is: <span style="font-family:courier;color:font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span><br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">who</span><br><br>What information does this command show?<br><br>This command lists users that are logged into the same Matrix server as yourself.<br>'''NOTE:''' Remember that the Matrix Linux cluster contains several servers, so it does not display<br>all users that are logged onto those other machines within that cluster!<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">whoami</span><br><br>What does this command display? What do you think is the purpose of this command?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal</span><br><br>What is the purpose of this command?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal 2021</span><br><br>What is the purpose of this command using this argument?<br><br># Issue the following Linux command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">cal 2 2021</span><br><br>What is the purpose of this command using those two '''multiple spacesnumbers''' or a as arguments?<br><br>'''TABGetting Help with Linux Commands'''.

For example:With the Linux OS containing over '''2500''' commands and utilities, it is good for a Linux user or <br>Linux system administrator (sysadmin) to learn about how to use commands “on-the-fly”.<br><br>* The '''lsman''' command displays can provide information on how to use a listing of filenames command<br>(i.e. '''command usage''', '''acceptable command arguments''', '''command options''', '''examples''').<br><br># Issue the following command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man man</span><br><br>You may notice that the online manual categories commands into sections or '''numbered volumes'''.<br><br># Type the '''SPACE''' key to move to the next screen.<br><br>How many '''volume numbers''' are contained in the man pages (like '''executable commands''',<br>'''games''', or '''system administrator commands''')?<br><br>'''TIP:''' You can use the following '''currentshort-cut keys''' directorywithin the man command to <br>help navigate throughout this utility to get help with the ls command (refer to table below):<br><br><table cellpadding="3"><tr><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Keyboard Shortcut</th><th style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">Purpose</th></tr><tr><td>'''ENTER'''</td><td>Move down one line</td></tr><tr><td>'''SPACEBAR'''</td><td>Move one screen down</td></tr><tr><td>'''&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;b&gt;'''</td><td>Move one screen up</td></tr><tr><td>'''/pattern/'''</td><td>Search for Pattern</td></tr><tr><td>'''q'''</td><td>quit man utility</td></tr></table><br># Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">q</span> to exit the man command.<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to get help with the ls command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man ls</span><br><br>* The # Navigate through the man utility for the '''ls /bin''' Linux command displays and note the '''option letters''' that correspond to the following descriptions:<br><ul><li>"'''use a listing of filenames in the long lising format'''"</li><li>"'''do not ignore entries starting with .'''" (i.e. hidden files)</li><li>"'''sort by file size'''"</binli><li>"''' directory append indicator (as opposed one of */=>&|) to your current directoryentries'''" (i.e. type of file)</li></ul><br># Exit the man utility for the ''ls'' command.<br><br>* # Issue the '''ls''' command for <u>each</u> of those option letters you noted in '''step 4''' to see how this command differs for each option.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The '''ls man''' utility can be used with the '''-k''' option to help list Linux commands that match a text pattern<br>that is contained within the help screen for a Linux command.<br><br># '''Pipeline commands''' can be used to filter-out unnecessary output. In the next command that you will be issuing,<br>the output from the '''man -lk''' command, is sent into the '''grep''' command displays a to ''filter''(i.e. 'detailed'trap'' listing ) only output that matches the pattern "8"<br>(The number "8" refers to the category of type of filenames command - in this case, administration commands).<br><br>We will learn more about pipeline commands later in this course.<br><br># Issue the following Linux pipeline command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">man -k user | grep 8</span><br><br>How does this ''pipeline command'' make it easier to obtain information regarding man command?<br><br># If you wish to change your password, you can change it by issuing the command: <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">passwd</span><br>What option for the passwd command can be used to change user info (such as name)?<br>'''Hint:''' use the '''currentman''' command for ''' directory* The passwd'''ls .<br><br># Press the letter <span style="font-family:courier;color:blue;font-l weight:bold">q</binspan> to exit the man command.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' Do '''NOT''' run the ''passwd'' command displays a . Unique for this college, your Matrix password<br>is changed automatically when you change your '''myseneca''' password.<br><br>You will now learn how to perform '''detailedcommand line editing''' listing of files in <br>to correct syntax errors while typing Linux commands PRIOR to pressing the ENTER key.<br><br> '''/binCommand Line Editing''' directory[[Image:command-line-editing.png|thumb|right|520px|Command Line Editing Shortcut Keys. ]]

Learning '''Getting Help with shortcut keys''' in any OS terminal will allow you to be more productive as a ''Linux Commandsuser'' or ''Linux System Administrator'' (commonly referred to as: '''Linux sysadmin''').<br><br><br>Let's learn a few common Bash Shell keyboard shortcut keys and find out where you can access online help for additional shortcuts (if required).

<table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:script-check-1.png|thumb|right|250px|If all all check pass, then user performed can proceed.]]</td><td>[[Image:script-check-2.png|thumb|right|450px|If there is a warning, then feedback is provided to user to correct and re-run checking script.]]</td></table>If you have correctly completed the required tasks, the user can proceed. If the checking shell script detects an '''Command Line Editingerror''', then it will provide feedback to allow the student to fix that problem so they can re-run the checking shell scripts until they have successfully completed a task.

[[Image:command-line-editing.png|thumb|right|520px|Command Line Editing Shortcut Keys. ]]# Type Make certain that your current directory is '''your home directory'''<br>By entering the following Linux command, but DON’T press the ENTER key:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">cd /bin</span><br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-a</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="colorfamily:bluecourier;font-weight:bold">alt-RightArrow</span> key combination<br>(OPTION+right-arrow for Mac OSx). What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-wcd</span> shortcut. What happens?<br><br># Type Issue the following commandto run a checking script : <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ls</span><br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weightfamily:bold">ctrl-e</span> key combination and press <span style="courier;color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER<~uli101/span><br><br># Press the up arrow key. What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;fontweek1-weight:bold">ctrl-ucheck</span> key combination. What happens?<br><br># Press the <span style=The beginning character "color:blue;font-weight:bold'''~'''">up arrow</span> key combination, and see what happens when you press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">BACKSPACE</span> , <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;BACKSPACE&gt;</span> and <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">&lt;ctrl&gt;&lt;h&gt;</span>is called '''tilde'''.You get this character by pressing '''SHIFT''' + '''`'''<br>Why (which is it important the key to know those series the left of key combinations?the number 1 on your keyboard). <br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-u</span> key combination to Your screen should clear the lineand indicate that you have proved that you have successfully logged in.<br><br># Press the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ctrl-l</span> key combination. What happens? What is the advantage of using this key combination then issuing the An email will be sent to your Seneca email as '''clearconfirmation''' command?in case your ULI101 professor is assigning marks to these tutorials.<br><br>:The Bash shortcut keys Keep those confirmation email messages for the duration of this semester as proof that you just learned are sufficient to perform Bash Shell editing.<br>Although you are NOT required to learn other short-cut keys, here have completed those checking scripts in case there is a link to a listing discrepancy in case you are interested:tutorial grades.<br>https://ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/<br>

You are required to perform '''3 online assignments''' during throughout this course. This online assignment is used to teach and reinforce Linux commands are techniques as well as using <br>Linux commands to perform tasks gain experience for '''quizzes''', '''test 1''' (midterm) and tests students on their knowledge of issuing Linux commands'''test 2''' (final).

In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn to :* '''select Select the correct section''' for your online assignments, how to perform assignment submission* Perform the '''first two sectionssection''' and '''3 parts of the second section''' of assignment #1, how to * '''verifyVerify''' that you successfully completed both sections, and how to * '''exitExit''' your online assignment #1.

# Press '''ENTER''' at the "Notes" screen.<br><br># A screen similar to the one displayed on the right will appear.<br><br><span style="color:red;">'''WARNING''': You need to select the <u>'''CORRECT'''</u> section for the course which you belong to.<br>If you do <u>NOT</u> select your correct section, your assignment may not be recorded for marks!</span><br><br># Determine your '''ULI101 three-letter course section code''' from your timetable.<br><br># Select the '''3 letter(s)code''' corresponding to the <u>correct</u> '''ULI101 <u>section</u>''' and '''professor''' and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span><br><br>

# The assignment main menu will then be displayed.<br><br>'''NOTES:'''<ul><li>Near the bottom of the window, you will see '''"You are currently registered to"''' followed by the '''section letter''' and '''instructor name'''. Double-check your course timetable to confirm that this the correct section letter. If you have selected the WRONG section, type <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">C</span> in the menu selection area and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">ENTER</span>. You will return back to the original window to select your correct course section.<br><br></li><li>Near the top of the window displays the sections to complete in the assignment. You are NOT required to complete all sections at the same time. You can check the assignment #1 link on the ULI101 main WIKI page to note the due date for assignment #1. Sections that are NOT completed will be displayed in '''reverse text with a blue background'''. On the other hand, when you compete a section, then the section will appear as regular text<br>(i.e not in reverse text).<br><br>[[Image:assn-completed-window.png|thumb|right|250px|Main Assignment Window to Confirm Which Sections Have or Have Not Been Completed. ]]</li><li>If you want to verify that you have completed sections for the assignment, look for the text '''"Marks earned so far for ULI101 Assignment:"''' and it will show how many sections have been completed. When it shows all sections completed, then your assignment is finished and you should receive full marks provided that you have selected your correct course section.<br><br></li></ul># At the '''Selections Available''' menu assignment #1 window, enter <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">1</span> in the menu selection area to begin the first section called '''"Introduction to Unix Commands"'''.<br><br>

# Run Re-run the command to restart your assignment that you did in step #1 and go to the '''main menu'''.<br>What do you notice?<br><br>If you successfully completed the first two sections, they no longer appear in reverse video.<br>This indicates that you have completed the first two sections of this assignment(i.e. you do NOT have to save your work!).<br><br>