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{{Admon/caution|DO NOT USE THIS VERSION OF THE LAB. This page will no longer be updated.|'''New version here:''' https://seneca-ictoer.github.io/ULI101/A-Tutorials/tutorial6<br />'''Andrew's students please go here:''' http://wiki.littlesvr.ca/wiki/OPS145_Lab_6}}
=TRANSFERRING FILES BETWEEN COMPUTERS=
<br>
|- valign="top" style="padding-left:15px;"
|colspan="2" |Course Notes'''Slides:'''<ul><li>Week 6 Lecture 1 Notes:<br>[https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pdf PDF] | [https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101slides/ULI101-Week66.1.pptx PPTX]</li></ul>
| style="padding-left:15px;" |'''Definitions:'''
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy Secure Copy]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol Secure File Transfer Protocol]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail_(Unix) Email]<br><br>
| style="padding-left:15px;"|'''File Transfer Commands:'''
* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/scp.1.html scp]
* [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/sftp.1.html sftp]
* [https://man.openbsd.org/mail mail]
|colspan="1" style="padding-left:15px;" width="30%"|'''Instructional Videos:'''<ul><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBvxbuhDKBw Using scp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcKYFEgfV-I Using sftp Command]</li><li>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuf_mLrvh2o Using the mail Command]</li></ul>
|}
= KEY CONCEPTS =
The '''ssh''' Linux command is a '''suite of tools''' to allow the user to issue Linux commandssecurely between <br>securely between Unix / Linux servers, as well as securely '''copy''' and '''transfer''' files among Unix/Linux servers.
In this tutorial, you will learn several different methods to securely transfer files from your Matrix Linux account<br>to other computers using Linux commands including '''scp''', '''sftp''' and '''mail'''.
[[Image:ssh-remote.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''ssh''' command can be used to <u>run</u> and <u>view</u> commands on '''remote computer''' from a '''local computer'''.
]]
You can use the '''ssh''' command to issue Unix/Linux commands on a '''remote''' server<br>from your <u>withoutlocal</u> computer without logging in to into a remote sessionserver (such as Matrix).
''ExampleCommand Usage:''
<span style="font-family:courier">'''ssh username@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l'''</span>
You will be prompted for your Matrix account password, then the contents of your home directory in your remote Matrix account will be displayed, although you will remain on your <u>local </u> computer's terminal.
<br><br>
[[Image:scp-diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''scp''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely copy files between Unix/Linux servers.]]
The '''scp''' command is used to <u>securely</u> copy files between a your '''local''' computer and '''remote''' computerUnix/Linux server. The usage for the ''scp'' command is similar to the '''cp''' command with the addition of '''user name''' and '''host names, for example:name'''.
''Command Usage:''
<span style="font-family:courier">'''scp local.file username@host:destination-pathname'''<br>'''scp local.file username@host:'''<br>'''scp user@host:file-pathname local-pathname'''<br><br></span>
The most common '''mistake''' that students make is forgetting to add<br>the '''colon''' character ":" <u>after</u> the remote hostname.
The user name in the command can be '''omitted''' if it's the same as on the <u>local</u> host.<br>Multiple file and recursive directory copy (i.e. option '''-Rr''') is supported.
<br><br>
[[Image:sftp-diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|The '''sftp''' Unix/Linux command is used to securely transfer (copy) files between Unix/Linux servers.]]
'''FTP''' stands for '''File Transfer Protocol''' which provides a set of '''rules''' on how to convert data that is transferred between computer servers computers (both identical and different operating systems). The '''sftp''' command performs file transfers <u>securely</u> using encryption.
Although it is important to know how to use the '''sftp''' command for ''quizzes'', ''midterm'' and ''final exam'',<br>there are '''graphical sftp applications''' that provide an alternative to issuing commands.
If you installed the graphical '''Secure Shell Client''' application in your Windows computer from performing [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], you can use this application to transfer files between your computer and your Matrix account by graphically '''navigating''', '''selecting''' and '''dragging''' files between those computers.
<br>
You can use the '''<span style="font-weight:bold;">mail''' command in Matrix to send email messages</spanbr> is a command-line to other email client for Unix and Unix-like operating systemsaccounts via the Internet.''
[[Image:mail-diagram.png|thumb|right|400px|Using the '''mail''' command with '''redirection''' to send email<br>with file attachment.]]
'''Alternative Method of Sending an Email Message with a File Attachment:'''
:#Type: '''<span style="font-family:courier;">mail -s "your subject line" username@hostname < filenamepathnamefilepathname</span>'''
:#Press '''ENTER''' to send<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You would have to use this method since you have used '''stdin''' redirection<br>to attach the file’s so you can’t input the subject line from the terminal!<br><br>
=INVESTIGATION 1: FILE TRANSFER (SECURE COPY)=
<span style="color:red;">'''ATTENTION''': This online tutorial will be required to be completed by '''Friday in week 8 by midnight''' to obtain a grade of '''2%''' towards this course</span><br><br>
[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|Make certain to '''open a command-line terminal''' and<br><u>'''NOT'''</u> a graphic SSH application for this tutorial!.]]
The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server''<br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''scp'''.
</td>
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</table><br><br><ol><li value="3">After logging into your Matrix account, issue the following Linux '''NOTE:''' Make certain to open a '''command to create the following directory:<br>-line terminal''' and <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"u>mkdir ~/remoteNOT</spanu>a <br><bru>graphical</liu><li>Change to the <b>~/remote</b> directory and confirm that you have changed to that directorySSH application for this tutorial.<br><br></li><li>Use a text editor After logging into your Matrix account, issue to the '''pwd''' command to create a text file called confirm you are in your home directory.<bbr>myfile.txt</b><br><<br></li><li>Enter Issue the following Linux command to create the following two lines displayed below in your editing sessiondirectory:<br><span style="font-familycolor:courierblue;font-weight:bold;">This is my file<brfont-family:courier;">It is a small filemkdir ~/remote</span><br><br></li><li>Change to the <b>Save~/remote</b> editing changes directory and confirm that you have changed to your ''myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editorthat directory.<br><br></li><li>Let's run Use a text editor to create a text file called <b>shell scriptmyfile.txt</b> to check that you created the correct directories<br>and that you created the <bbr></li>myfile.txt</bli> file (with correct file contents) in Enter the following two lines displayed below in your editing session:<br><b>~/remote</bspan style="font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;"> directoryThis is my file<br>before using the ''scp'' Linux command.It is a small file</span><br><br></li></li>Enter the following command: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murrayb>Save</b> editing changes to your ''myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editor.saul/scripts/week6-check-1</span><br><br></li><li>If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-Let's run the checking a <b>shell script until you receive<br/b>a congratulations message, and proceed to to check that you created the next step.<brb>remote</b>directory<br>and that you created the <b>NOTE:myfile.txt</b> We will now learn to transfer files between your file (with correct file contents) in that directory.<bbr><ubr>local</uli> home computer</bli> and your Enter the following command: <b><uspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">remote<~uli101/u> Matrix Linux serverweek6-check-1</bspan>.<br><br></li><li>'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''remain''' in If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the ''command terminal'' on your '''local''' computer.checking script until you receive<br>a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step.<br><br><span style="color:blue;"b>NOTE:</b>'''ATTENTION:''' You are required We will now learn to transfer files between your <b><u>'''remain'''local</u> home computer</ub> in and your '''local''' computer's command terminal<brb><u>for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''.remote</u> Matrix Linux server</spanb>.<br><br></li><li>The <b>mkdir</bol> command works with [[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|You are required to <iu>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers'''remain'''</i>.<br>Issue the following command on your <uu>in your '''local</u> ''' computer to create a directory called 's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2'']]<bol>local</b>: <span styleli value="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;"12">'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''<u>mkdir localremain</spanu><br><''' in the ''command terminal''<br>on your '''local''' computer..</libr><libr>The <bspan style="color:blue;">cd'''ATTENTION:''' You are required to </bu> command works with '''remain'''<i/u>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computersin your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''.</ispan><br>.<br>Issue the following command on your <u/li>local</uli> computer to change to the The <b>localmkdir</b> directory: command works with <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd locali>MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers</spani>.<br>Issue the following command on your <bru>local</liu>computer to<libr>create a directory called <b>If you are using MS Windows on your local computer, issue the </b>: <span style="color:blue;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;font-familyweight:courierbold;">dirmkdir local</span> command to confirm you are<br>in the ''local'' directory; otherwise, use the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"br></li><li>The <b>pwdcd</spanb> command.works with <bri><br><MS Windows/li> UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers<li/i>.<br>If you are in MS Windows, open Issue the following command on your <u>local<span style="color:/u> computer to<br>change to the <b>local</b> directory: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePadcd local</span> application to create a text file<br>(Otherwise, use the <b>nano</b> or <b>vi</b> text editor).<br><<br></li><li>Enter a few lines of textIf you are using MS Windows on your local computer, and if using '''Notepad''', then click on issue the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:bluespan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">other.txtdir</span> in your command to confirm you are<br>in the ''local'' directory; otherwise, use the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">localpwd</span> directory) and then command.<br><bbr>exit</bli> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><brli>If you are in MS Windows, open the '''NOTE:GRAPHICAL''' if using another text editor, save your editing session and exit the text editor.<br><br></li><li>If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color<span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dirNotePad</span> Windows command application to view the contents of your current directorycreate a text file<br>(otherwiseOtherwise, issue use the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;"b>nano</b> or <b>lsvi</spanb> command for other operating systemstext editor).<br><br>We will use the ''</li><li>Enter a few lines of text, and if using 'scp''Notepad''' command to copy , then click on the <ub>localFile</ub> file called '''other.txt''' to your home directory on your <umenu and select <b>remotesave as</ub> Matrix Linux server.<br>(save as the filename <br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy the <bspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">other.txt</bspan> file from in your local machine to your remote Matrix server<brspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">(replace yoursenecaid is local<u/span>YOURdirectory) and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</ui> text editor.<br><br> Seneca ID and '''ADD A COLON NOTE: TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''):' if using another text editor, save your editing session and exit the text editor.<br><br><span style="color:/li><li>If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weightfamily:boldcourier;font-familyweight:courierbold;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</span>dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <br></li><li>When prompted, enter your Matrix '''password'''.<br>[[Imagespan style="color:scpblue;font-diagramfamily:courier;font-2weight:bold;">ls</span> command for other operating systems).png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue <br><br>We will use the ssh command, followed by a '''scp'''command''' that will be run on your '''remote''' computer,<br>but to copy the <u>displaylocal</u> command output on your file called '''other.txt'local''' computerto your home directory on your <u>remote</u> Matrix Linux server.]]<br><bbr>TIP:</bli> You can issue <li>Issue the ssh following Linux command, followed by a command that will be run on your remote computer, but display on your local computer to copy the <b>other.txt<u/b>without</u></b> having to establish a continuous connection file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server.<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <bru>YOUR</liu><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix usernameSeneca ID and '''ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt:</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, '''enter enter your passwordMatrix ''' and press '''ENTERpassword'''.<br><br>Do you see detailed information <b>other[[Image:scp-diagram-2.txt</b> file? (look at bottom)<br>That png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue the ssh command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation , followed by a '''command''' that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server.will be run on your '''remote''' computer,<br>but <bru>display</u>Letcommand output on your 's copy the file called ''local'myfile.txt''' in the '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to your <computer.]]<br><b>localTIP:</b> directory You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run on your home remote computer, but display on your local computer <b><u>without</u></b> having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix server.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following Linux command (replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca IDusing your matrix username).:<br> The period <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"." as '''second argument''' represents your <u>currentssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt</uspan> directory<br>on your <ubr>local</uli><li> computer):When prompted, '''enter your password''' and press '''ENTER'''.<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"br>Do you see detailed information <b>scp yoursenecaid@matrixother.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt .</spantxt</b>file? (look at bottom)<br><br></li><liThat command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server.<br>Issue <br>Let's copy the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir<file called '''myfile.txt''' in the '''~/span> or remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;"b>lslocal</spanb> command (depending directory on the OS of your <u>local</u> home computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix.<br><br></li><li>Use Issue the following Linux command (replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID).<br> The period "." as '''second argument'''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS typesrepresents your <u>current</u> directory<br>on your <u>local</u> computer) to create a text file called :<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mytextfilescp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt.</span>,<br>type some text and then save in <br></li><li>Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">localdir</span> directory of your computer.or <br><brspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls</lispan><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy command (depending on the OS of your <bu>mytextfile.txtlocal</bu> computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server.<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <ubr>YOUR</uli> Seneca ID and DO <uli>NOT</u> INCLUDE THE : at Use the end of the command so see what happens'''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS types):<br>to create a text file called <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span>,<br>type some text and then save in the <br>Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)?<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;fontspan style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfilelocal</span> directory of your computer.txt</span><br><br></li>Issue the <lib>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER.dir<br/b>or <brb>ls</b>The command (depending on your OS) to confirm that your newly-created file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear exists in your home <b>local</b> directory on your Matrix server!.<br>Note that the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command! Therefore, you MUST<br>remember </li><li>We are going to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file!intentionally make a '''</bu>mistake<br/u>''' with the '''scp''' command.<br></li><li>Issue Issue the following Linux command to copy that same file to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix:<brb>mytextfile.txt<span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote</span><br/b> file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server<br>(replace yoursenecaid is <u>YOUR</u> Seneca ID and DO <u>NOT</u> INCLUDE THE : at the end of the command so see what happens):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)?<br><br></li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfile.txt</span><br><br></li><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER.<br><br><b>The file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear in your home directory on your Matrix server!<br>Note that the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command! Therefore, you MUST<br>remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file!</b><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to properly copy that same file to your Matrix server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your '''~<b>home</remote''' b> directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remotemytextfile.txt</span><br><br>Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of <b>outputmytextfile.txt</b>?<br>What does this indicate?<br><br><li>Issue the following command to copy the '''other.txt''' file on your local computer to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix renaming it as '''different.txt''':<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txt</span><br><br></li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that the file was remotely copied to your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix with a different filename:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/different.txt</span><br><br>Were you able to properly copy this file?<br><br>Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your<br>local computer to your remote Linux server to both your <b>home</b> directory and <b>~/remote</b> directory.<br><br></li><li>Issue the following:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-2</span><br><br>If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands to correct and re-run the above command until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br></li><li>Remain in the terminal on your <u>local</u> computer and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2''.<br><br></ol>
:In the next investigation, you will use the '''sftp''' Linux command to transfer (i.e. copy) files between serversyour local computer and the Matrix server.<br><br>
<!-- RESIDUAL FROM LESS EFFECTIVE METHOD OF COPYING FILES BETWEEN SERVERS
=INVESTIGATION 2: FILE TRANSFER (SECURE FTP) =
The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server''<br>contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection)of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''sftp'''. In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to use the '''sftp''' command to '''transfer ''' files between<br>Unix/Linux servers. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the <br>''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems.<br><br>You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your<br><u>'''remote'''</u> Matrix server while remaining on your <u>'''local'''</u> computer.
=== Command Line Terminal (CLI) ===
Let's look at using the '''sftp''' command on your '''local''' machine.
'''Perform the Following Steps:'''
[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|275px|Make certain to <u>remain</u> in the<br>command-line terminal in your '''local''' computer.]]# Make certain that you are in a command terminal on your <u>local</u> computer <br>(i.e. do '''NOT''' in log into your Matrix account).<br><br># Issue a command (Windows or Linuxdepending on your OS) to confirm that you are located in the '''local''' directory in your home computer.<br><br>
# If you are in MS Windows, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file<br>(otherwise: use another text editor like <b>vi</b> or <b>nano)</b><br>.
# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">thefile.txt</span> in your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory) and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br>If you using another OS, then save-as using the same filename and directory location for the text editor you are using.<br><br>
# If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current directory<br>(otherwise, issue the <b>ls</b> command for other operating systems).<br><br>'''Note:''' the <u>relative</u> pathname symbols "'''.'''" and "'''..'''" work for the ''Windows''/''MacOSx''/''Unix''/''Linux'' operating systems.<br><br># Issue the following command to move to the '''parent ''' directory: <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">cd ..</span><br><br># If your OS is MS Windows issue the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">dir</span> Windows command to view the contents of your current that parent directorythat you changed to<br>(otherwise, issue the <b>ls</b> command for other operating systems).<br><br># Issue the following command to start an '''sftp ''' session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared.<br><br>[[Image:sftp-commands.png|thumb|right|350px|Common '''sftp''' commands to manage the transfer<br>of files between computers.]]# You should be in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''. Please take a moment to view common <br><u>local</u> and <u>remote</u> ''sftp commands'' on the right-side table.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">pwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lpwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote2''' directory on your ''remote'' server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd remote2</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''remote2'' directory on your remote server.<br><br>
# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to transfer the file called '''thefile.txt''' to the '''~/remote2''' directory on your remote server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">put thefile.txt</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the filecalled: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' (without an argument) to change to the '''parent ''' directoryon your local computer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd ..</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from the '''remote2''' directory<br>on your remote server to your local computer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">get thefile.txt</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''<span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lls''' '</span> ''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt on ''' to your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span><br><br>
<!-- OLDER CONTENT
# '''Save''' editing changes to the text file and exit your text editor.<br><br>
# Change back to your '''home''' directory and confirm that you are located in your ''home'' directory.<br><br>Let's run a '''shell script''' to check to make certain that you created the correct directories<br>and that you created the '''myfile.txt''' file (with correct file contents) in the '''~/local''' directory<br>before learning to use the ''sftp'' Linux command.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to start an sftp session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>'''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared.<br><br>You are now in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''.<br>Please refer to the table of ''sftp commands'' in the '''KEY CONCEPTS''' section for reference.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">pwd</span><br><br>What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''remote''' directory on your ''remote'' server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">cd remote</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''remote2'' directory on your remote server.<br><br>
# Issue the following sftp command to change to the '''local''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local</span><br><br># Issue the '''pwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that you have changed to the ''local'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to transfer your '''~/local/thefile.txt''' file to the '''~/remote''' directory on your remote server:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">put thefile.txt</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''ls''' sftp command to confirmed that you transferred/copied the file: '''thefile.txt'''<br><br>Let's create another directory on your local server computer called '''local2''' so we can learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote directory.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' (without an argument) to change to your '''home''' directory:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd ~</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm that your current working directory on your local server computer is your home directory.<br><Br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to create the following directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lmkdir local2</span><br><br># Issue the following ''sftp command'' to change to the '''local2''' directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">lcd local2</span><br><br># Issue the '''lpwd''' ''sftp command'' to confirm you have changed to the ''local2'' directory on your local servercomputer.<br><br>Let's learn to <u>download</u> a file from your remote server to your local servercomputer.<br><br># Issue the following '''sftp command''' to transfer your '''thefile.txt''' file from your remote directory on your local servercomputer:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">get thefile.txt</span><br><br># Issue the '''lls''' '''sftp command''' to confirm that you transferred/copied the file: thefile.txt on your local servercomputer.<br><br>
# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">exit</span><br><br>
# Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account.<br><br>
# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files: <br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-3</span><br><br>
# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>
<br>
=== Graphical Application (Secure Shell) ===
[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|200px|'''SSH Secure Shell Client''' has a graphical application to transfer files between computers.]]
If you installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], <br>you can run a '''graphical''' application from your computer desktop to transfer files between<br>your computer and your Matrix account.
'''Perform the Following Steps:'''
# Open On your local computer, open the <span style="color:blue;font-family:courier;font-weight:bold;">NotePad</span> application to create a text file.<br><br><b>NOTE:</b> if you are using a Graphical Linux or MacOSx OS, then use a text editor like <b>vi</b><br>.# Enter a few lines of text, and then click on the <b>File</b> menu and select <b>save as</b><br>(save as the filename <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">yourfile.txt</span> in your <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">local</span> directory) <br>and then <b>exit</b> the <i>Notepad</i> text editor.<br><br><table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:graphical-sftp-icon.png|thumb|right|110px|Double Click on SFTP to launch graphical application.]]</td><td>[[Image:sftp-connect.png|thumb|right|200px|Using Quick Connect to login to your Matrix Linux server.]]</td></table># In your local computer's command terminal, make certain that you are in the '''local''' directory, and if not, change to that directory and confirm that you have changed to that directory.<br><br># Issue the <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">dir</span> or <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ls</span> command for the '''local''' directory (depending on the OS of your <u>local</u> computer) to confirm your properly copied that you created the file from Matrixcalled '''yourfile.txt'''<br><br># On your Windows desktop, point and '''double-click ''' on the<br>'''SSH Secure file Transfer''' application icon.<br><br># The main Secure Shell SFTP application window should appear.<br><br>'''FYI:''' This application shows files on your home computer (on the left-side) and files on your remote Matrix computer on the right-side. You will NOT see files <br>for your Matrix server since you<br>have NOT logged into the Matrix server.<br><br>
# Click the '''Quick Connect''' button located in the Secure SFTP application window.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name'''<br>and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server.<br><br>
# Click on the textbox labelled '''Hostname''' and type the text: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold">matrix.senecacollege.ca</span><br><br>
# After entering the ''hostname'' and ''username'', click the '''Connect''' button.<br><br>
# Enter your Seneca password when prompted.<br><br>
# When you correctly connect to your Matrix account, you should see '''folders '''<br>in your remote server<br>(i.e. Matrix server).<br><br>[[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Click''' and '''drag''' file(s) to transfer between computers.]]# There are two sub-windows to represent your local computer on the <u>left</u><br>and the remote (Matrix) server on the <u>right</u>.<br><br># In the <u>left </u> (local computer) window, navigate to point and '''double-click''' on your Windows<br>profile name (i.e. ''username'') and then locate and '''double-click''' on the '''local''' directory.<br><br># In the <u>right </u> (remote Matrix server) window, navigate to the '''remote2''' directory<br>and '''double-click''' to move to that directory.<br><br># In the left window, click and drag the '''yourfile.txt''' file to the <u>right </u> window.<br><br># Confirm Check to see that the '''yourfile.txt''' file appears in the <u>right </u> window to confirm <br>that the file was has been transferredto your Matrix server.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' You can select multiple files by using ''SHIFT-CLICK'' or ''CTRL-CLICK'' methods<br>and then click and drag file selections between computers.<br><br># Take a few moments to see noter other buttons for both local and remote windows to <br>'''refresh the view''', '''delete file(s)''', '''navigate up to parent directory''', etc.<br><br># Click the '''File''' menu, and select '''Disconnect''' and then click '''OK''' to disconnect your sftp connection.<br><br># Now that you have disconnected, '''close''' the sftp application window.<br><br># Move Return to your command terminal command windows on your home <u>local</u> computer(do '''NOT''' connect to Matrix!).<br><br># Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure confirm that you transferred <br>the most recently-created textfile to the '''remote2''' directory in Matrix:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~uli101/week6-check-4</span><br><br># When prompted, enter your password.<br><br>
# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.<br><br>
--> :In the next investigation, you will learn an alternative way to transfer a file to another computer server<br>by sending an '''e-mail message with an attached file'''.<br><br>
=INVESTIGATION 3: FILE TRANSFER (MAIL WITH FILE ATTACHMENTEMAIL) =
In this sectioninvestigation, you will learn how to '''transfer ''' a file from your Matrix server to another computer systemby sending<br>by sending an '''email message ''' with a '''file attachment'''.
# Issue the following Linux command (using your Seneca-ID):<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>
# When prompted, enter the '''subject line''': <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">Test Message</span><br>and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ENTER</SPAN><br><br>
# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message</span><br><br># Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> to send your email message.<br><br>Did any output display after you sent this email message? If so, what What you do think it '''EOT''' stands for?<br><br># Launch a '''web-browser''', login into your '''Seneca email''' account and check for new email messages.<br>Did you receive the email message that you sent from your Matrix server?<br><br>If you did NOT receive an e-mail message, check the '''JUNK''' or '''CLUTTER''' folders.<br>If you still did not receive an email message, return to your terminal and re-issue the '''mail''' command<br>making certain that you pressed <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> instead of pressing '''ctrl-c'''<br><br># Return to your terminal (i.e. Linux Bash shell ) and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -a ~/remote/myfile.txt yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca</span><br><br>
# When prompted, enter the subject line: <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">Test Message with Attachment</span><br> and press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ENTER</span><br><br>
# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below(and press '''ENTER'''):<br><span style="font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">This is a test email message with a file attachment</span><br><br>
# Press <span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">ctrl-d</span> to send your message.<br><br>
# Switch to your Seneca email and check your Seneca for new email for messages. Did you receive that email message?<br><br># Check your email to see if Did you received your receive that email message. If you did, what do you notice? Does the email contain a file attachment?<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt</span><br><br>What happened? Were you prompted for subject and could you enter text in email body?<br>Did you see a file attachment as a separate file, or just text?<br><br># Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you noticeregarding the subject line?<br><br>You should have noticed that there was '''NO''' customized '''subject line''',<br>since you redirected '''standard input''' (''stdin '') from the file, thus so there was no way <br>for the user to send a subject line.<br><br>You can use the '''-s''' option, followed by text (in quotes) to specify a '''subject line'''.<br><br># Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command:<br><span style="color:blue;font-weight:bold;font-family:courier;">mail -s "email with attachment" yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt</span><br><br>
# Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you notice this time?<br><br>
# After completing this INVESTIGATION, perform the LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS at the end of the tutorial.<br><br>
simulate a quiz:
https://ictwiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/~murray.saululi101/uli101files/uli101_week6_practice.docx
Your instructor may take-up these questions during class. It is up to the student to attend classes in order to obtain the answers to the following questions. Your instructor will NOT provide these answers in any other form (eg. e-mail, etc).
# Write a Linux command to send the attached file '''message.txt''' to the email address '''murray.saul@senecacollege.ca''' with the subject line: '''Important Message'''
# Create a '''table''' listing each Linux command, useful options and command purpose for the following Linux commands: '''scp''' , '''sftp''' , '''mail'''.
# Create a '''table''' listing each '''sftp command'''and it's purpose. _________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Murray Saul License: LGPL version 3Link: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html _________________________________________________________________________________
[[Category:ULI101]]