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Tutorial6: File Transfer / Sending Email Messages

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=INVESTIGATION 1: FILE TRANSFER (SECURE COPY)=

'''ATTENTION''': Depending on your ULI101 instructor, you may be required to complete this tutorial for '''marks''' in this course. Please refer to your instructor's course notes and lecture notes regarding evaluation for this course. The due date for successfully completing this tutorial (i.e. '''tutorial 6''') is by '''Friday by midnight''' next week (i.e. '''Week 7'''). If your instructor has NOT assigned marks for completing this tutorial, you can perform it for '''practice'''.

[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|Make certain to '''open a command-line terminal''' and '''NOT''' a graphic SSH application for this tutorial!.]]

The '''SSH''' package on your ''home computer'' and on the ''Matrix Linux server'' contain a '''suite''' (i.e. collection) of secure utilities including '''ssh''' and '''scp'''.

In this ~~section~~investigation, you will learn how to use the '''scp''' command to '''securely copy files''' between your computer and your Matrix Linux server. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems. You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your '''remote''' Matrix server while remaining on your '''local''' computer.

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<ol><li value="3">'''NOTE:''' Make certain to open a '''command-line terminal''' and NOT a graphical SSH application for this tutorial. </li><li>After logging into your Matrix account, issue to the '''pwd''' command to confirm you are in your home directory. </li><li>Issue the following Linux command to create the following directory: mkdir ~/remote </li><li>Change to the ~/remote directory and confirm that you have changed to that directory. </li><li>Use a text editor to create a text file called myfile.txt </li><li>Enter the following two lines displayed below in your editing session: This is my file It is a small file </li><li>Save editing changes to your ''myfile.txt'' file and exit your text editor. </li><li>Let's run a shell script to check that you created the remote directory and that you created the myfile.txt file (with correct file contents) in that directory. </li></li>Enter the following command: ~~bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~~~uli101/week6-check-1 </li><li>If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message, and proceed to the next step. NOTE: We will now learn to transfer files between your local home computer and your remote Matrix Linux server. </li></ol>[[Image:cmd.png|thumb|right|350px|You are required to '''remain''' in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2'']]<ol><li value="12">'''Exit your Matrix ssh session''' but '''remain''' in the ''command terminal'' on your '''local''' computer.. '''ATTENTION:''' You are required to '''remain''' in your '''local''' computer's command terminal for the remainder of this ''INVESTIGATION'' and ''INVESTIGATION 2''. </li><li>The mkdir command works with MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers. Issue the following command on your local computer to create a directory called local: mkdir local </li><li>The cd command works with MS Windows/UNIX/Linux/MacOSx computers. Issue the following command on your local computer to change to the local directory: cd local </li><li>If you are using MS Windows on your local computer, issue the dir command to confirm you are in the ''local'' directory; otherwise, use the pwd command. </li> <li>If you are in MS Windows, open the '''GRAPHICAL''' NotePad application to create a text file (Otherwise, use the nano or vi text editor). </li><li>Enter a few lines of text, and if using '''Notepad''', then click on the File menu and select save as (save as the filename other.txt in your local directory) and then exit the Notepad text editor. '''NOTE:''' if using another text editor, save your editing session and exit the text editor. </li><li>If your OS is MS Windows issue the dir Windows command to view the contents of your current directory (otherwise, issue the ls command for other operating systems). We will use the '''scp''' command to copy the local file called '''other.txt''' to your home directory on your remote Matrix Linux server. </li><li>Issue the following Linux command to copy the other.txt file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server (replace yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID and '''ADD A COLON : TO THE END OF THE COMMAND'''): scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca: </li><li>When prompted, enter your Matrix '''password'''. [[Image:scp-diagram-2.png|thumb|right|350px|You can issue the ssh command, followed by a '''command''' that will be run on your '''remote''' computer, but display command output on your '''local''' computer.]] TIP: You can issue the ssh command, followed by a command that will be run on your remote computer, but display on your local computer without having to establish a continuous connection to your remote Matrix server. </li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username): ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l other.txt </li><li>When prompted, '''enter your password''' and press '''ENTER'''. Do you see detailed information other.txt file? (look at bottom) That command was run remotely on your Matrix server as confirmation that you securely copied that file to the home directory of the Matrix server. Let's copy the file called '''myfile.txt''' in the '''~/remote''' directory that you created earlier in your Matrix account to your local directory on your home computer. </li><li>Issue the following Linux command (replace yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID). The period "." as '''second argument''' represents your current directory on your local computer): scp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/myfile.txt . </li><li>Issue the dir or ls command (depending on the OS of your local computer) to confirmed your properly copied that file from Matrix. </li><li>Use the '''Notepad''' application (or vi for other OS types) to create a text file called mytextfile.txt, type some text and then save in the local directory of your computer. <li>Issue the dir or ls command (depending on your OS) to confirm that your newly-created file exists in your local directory. </li><li>We are going to intentionally make a '''mistake''' with the '''scp''' command. Issue the following Linux command to copy the mytextfile.txt file from your local machine to your remote Matrix server (replace yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID and DO NOT INCLUDE THE : at the end of the command so see what happens): scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca Did you notice anything different (i.e. no password)? </li><li>Issue the following command (using your matrix username): ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l mytextfile.txt </li><li>When prompted, enter your password and press ENTER. The file mytextfile.txt does NOT appear in your home directory on your Matrix server! Note that the COLON was NOT added to the end of the command! Therefore, you MUST remember to include the COLON : at the end of the hostname, or it will NOT remotely copy the file! </li><li>Issue the following command to properly copy that same file to your Matrix server: scp mytextfile.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca: </li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that it was remotely copied to your home directory in Matrix: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/mytextfile.txt Do you see the output for the detailed file listing of mytextfile.txt? What does this indicate? <li>Issue the following command to copy the '''other.txt''' file on your local computer to the '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix renaming it as '''different.txt''': scp other.txt yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca:remote/different.txt </li><li>Issue the following command to confirm that the file was remotely copied to your '''~/remote''' directory in Matrix with a different filename: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ls -l /home/yoursenecaid/remote/different.txt Were you able to properly copy this file? Let's issue a checking script remotely to see that you properly copied that file from your local computer to your remote Linux server to both your home directory and ~/remote directory. </li><li>Issue the following: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~~bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~~~uli101/week6-check-2 If you encounter errors, re-run the scp commands to correct and re-run the above command until you receive a congratulations message. </li><li>Remain in the terminal on your local computer and proceed to ''INVESTIGATION 2''. </ol>

:In the next investigation, you will use the '''sftp''' Linux command to transfer (i.e. copy) files between your local computer and the Matrix server.

In this ~~section~~investigation, you will learn how to use the '''sftp''' command to '''transfer''' files between Unix/Linux servers. This methods is useful because it can be performed in the ''MS-Windows'', ''MacOSx'', and ''Unix/Linux'' operating systems. You will also learn how to issue the '''ssh''' command to run commands on your '''remote''' Matrix server while remaining on your '''local''' computer.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: exit

# Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account.

# Issue the following Linux command to remotely run a checking script to ensure you created the correct directories and properly transferred those created files: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~~bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~~~uli101/week6-check-3

# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message. '''FYI:''' To run a checking program to check if you created the '''local''' and '''local2''' directories in MS Windows would require running a local-based script (like '''PowerShell'''). Since this is a Unix/Linux based course, we don't have a PowerShell script, so we will ignore checking for files transferred to your local computer.

# '''Save''' editing changes to the text file and exit your text editor.

# Change back to your '''home''' directory and confirm that you are located in your ''home'' directory. Let's run a '''shell script''' to check to make certain that you created the correct directories and that you created the '''myfile.txt''' file (with correct file contents) in the '''~/local''' directory before learning to use the ''sftp'' Linux command.

# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script: ~~bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~~~uli101/week6-check-3

# Issue the following Linux command to start an sftp session (note: yoursenecaid is YOUR Seneca ID): sftp yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca '''NOTE:''' You may be required to enter '''yes''' to have the public key shared. You are now in the '''sftp command prompt''' where you are expected to issue '''sftp commands'''. Please refer to the table of ''sftp commands'' in the '''KEY CONCEPTS''' section for reference.

# Issue the following ''sftp command'': pwd What is the pathname? Which server does this represent: local or remote?

# Issue the following ''sftp command'' to exit the sftp utlilty: exit

# Issue the '''ssh''' command to login to your Matrix server account.

# Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to ensure you created the CORRECT directories, created and copied the correct files: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~~bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~~~uli101/week6-check-3

# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.

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:Although it is important to learn how to use '''command-line sftp''' which is considered coverage for quizzes, midterm and final exam, there are '''graphical sftp applications''' available that are considered "user-friendly". The next ~~section~~ investigation will show you how to transfer files between your local computer and your Matrix server graphically (assuming your local computer is running MS Windows).

If you installed the graphical Secure Shell application in [https://wiki.cdot.senecacollege.ca/wiki/Tutorial_1:_Using_Your_Matrix_Server_Account#CONNECTING_TO_YOUR_MATRIX_ACCOUNT_FROM_A_GRAPHICAL_WINDOWS_APPLICATION TUTORIAL 1 INVESTIGATION 1], you can run a '''graphical''' application from your computer desktop to transfer files between your computer and your Matrix account.

Let's run the '''Secure Shell SFTP application''' to transfer files between computers. This ~~section~~ investigation assumes that your computer is a '''Windows''' machine. If you local computer is '''NOT''' a ''Windows'' machine, you can skip this ~~section~~investigation.

# In your local computer's command terminal, make certain that you are in the '''local''' directory, and if not, change to that directory.

# Issue the dir command for the '''local''' directory to confirm that you created the file called '''yourfile.txt'''

# On your Windows desktop, point and '''double-click ''' on the '''SSH Secure file Transfer''' application icon.

# The main Secure Shell SFTP application window should appear. '''FYI:''' This application shows files on your home computer (on the left-side) and files on your remote Matrix computer on the right-side. You will NOT see files for your Matrix server since you have NOT logged into the Matrix server.

# Click the '''Quick Connect''' button located in the Secure SFTP application window. '''NOTE:''' The Connect dialog box allows the user to specify the '''server name''' and your '''account name''' to allow you to connect to the server.

# After entering the ''hostname'' and ''username'', click the '''Connect''' button.

# Enter your Seneca password when prompted.

# When you correctly connect to your Matrix account, you should see '''folders ''' in your remote server~~ ~~(i.e. Matrix server). [[Image:graphical-sftp-application.png|thumb|right|250px|'''Click''' and '''drag''' file(s) to transfer between computers.]]

# There are two sub-windows to represent your local computer on the left and the remote (Matrix) server on the right.

# In the left (local computer) window, ~~navigate to~~ point and '''double-click''' on your Windows profile name (i.e. ''username'') and then locate and '''double-click''' on the '''local''' directory. # In the right (remote Matrix server) window, navigate to the '''remote2''' directory and '''double-click''' to move to that directory.

# In the left window, click and drag the '''yourfile.txt''' file to the right window.

# ~~Confirm~~ Check to see that the '''yourfile.txt''' file appears in the right window to confirm that the file ~~was~~ has been transferredto your Matrix server. '''NOTE:''' You can select multiple files by using ''SHIFT-CLICK'' or ''CTRL-CLICK'' methods and then click and drag file selections between computers. # Take a few moments to ~~see~~ noter other buttons for both local and remote windows to '''refresh the view''', '''delete file(s)''', '''navigate up to parent directory''', etc. # Click the '''File''' menu, and select '''Disconnect''' and then click '''OK''' to disconnect your sftp connection. # Now that you have disconnected, '''close''' the sftp application window. # Return to your command terminal on your local computer(do '''NOT''' connect to Matrix!). # Issue the following Linux command to run a checking script to confirm that you transferred the most recently-created textfile to the '''remote2''' directory in Matrix: ssh yoursenecaid@matrix.senecacollege.ca ~~bash /home/murray.saul/scripts~~~uli101/week6-check-4 # When prompted, enter your password.

# If you encounter errors, make corrections and then re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.

~~Your~~ The '''Matrix''' server is also an '''email server''' that can allow you to '''send''' ~~and '''receive''' text-based~~ emails messages to other email ~~messages~~accounts.

In this ~~section~~investigation, you will learn how to '''transfer''' a file from your Matrix server to another computer ~~system~~by sending ~~by sending~~ an '''email message ''' with a '''file attachment'''.

# When prompted, enter the '''subject line''': Test Message and press ENTER

# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below (and press '''ENTER'''): This is a test email message

# Press ctrl-d to send your email message. Did any output display ~~after you sent this email message~~? ~~If so, what~~ What you do think '''EOT''' stands for? # Launch a '''web-browser''', login into your '''Seneca email''' account and check for new email messages. Did you receive the email message that you sent from your Matrix server? If you did NOT receive an e-mail message, check the '''JUNK''' or '''CLUTTER''' folders. If you still did not receive an email message, return to your terminal and re-issue the '''mail''' command making certain that you pressed ctrl-d instead of pressing '''ctrl-c''' # Return to your terminal (i.e. Linux Bash shell ) and issue the following Linux command: mail -a ~/remote/myfile.txt yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca

# When prompted, enter the subject line: Test Message with Attachment and press ENTER

# In the email message '''BODY''' section, type the following text displayed below (and press '''ENTER'''): This is a test email message with a file attachment

# Press ctrl-d to send your message.

# Switch to your Seneca email and check ~~your Seneca~~ for new email ~~for~~ messages. ~~Did you receive that email message?~~ ~~# Check your email to see if~~ Did you ~~received your~~ receive that email message~~. If you did, what do you notice~~? Does the email contain a file attachment? # Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command: mail yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt What happened? Were you prompted for subject and could you enter text in email body? Did you see a file attachment as a separate file, or just text? # Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you notice regarding the subject line? You should have noticed that there was '''NO''' customized '''subject line''', since you redirected '''standard input''' (''stdin'') from the file, ~~thus~~ so there was no way for the user to send a subject line. You can use the '''-s''' option, followed by text (in quotes) to specify a '''subject line'''. # Return to your Linux Bash shell and issue the following Linux command: mail -s "email with attachment" yoursenecaid@myseneca.ca < ~/remote/myfile.txt

# Check your email to see if you received your email message. If you did, what do you notice this time?

# After completing this INVESTIGATION, perform the LINUX PRACTICE QUESTIONS at the end of the tutorial.

Msaul

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