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# Download the Part 2 checking script: <code>wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ops705/labs/main/labcheck2.2.sh -P /home/your-seneca-id/bin/</code>
# Download the Part 3 checking script: <code>wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ops705/labs/main/labcheck2.3.sh -P /home/your-seneca-id/bin/</code>
== Part 4: Pathing Practice ==[[Image:dir12.png|right|350px|thumb|This diagram should reflect your own directory structure before beginning Part 4. Refer to this tree diagram throughout Part 4 to help orient yourself.]]When performing the next series of steps, refer to the tree diagram on the right. Learning to reference a tree diagram on a quiz, midterm or final exam can help to prevent errors and loss of marks! Since we will be running Linux commands depending on the directory structure that you have created in Part 3, let'''Let's run a checking script to verify you created it the Part 1-3 directories correctly:'''
# Download the Part 3 checking script: <code>wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ops705/labs/main/labcheck2.4.sh -P /home/your-seneca-id/bin/</code># Run the checking script for Part Parts 1-3: <code>labcheck2.4.sh</code>
# Download the Part 3 checking script: <code>wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ops705/labs/main/labcheck2.5.sh -P /home/your-seneca-id/bin/</code># Run the checking script for Part 34: <code>labcheck2.5.sh</code>
When complete, show your instructor Submit to Blackboard full-desktop screenshots (PNG/JPG) of the following in-class:
[[Category:Fall 2022]]
Chris.johnson moved page OPS705 Lab 2 to OPS705 Lab 2 (2227) without leaving a redirect
# Understand the purpose of '''directories''' and '''directory pathnames'''.
# Use common Linux commands to perform '''directory management tasks'''.
#Use Understand the difference between '''text editorsabsolute''' , '''relative''' to create and modify text files.# Use common Linux commands to '''manage and manipulate text filesrelative-to-home'''.pathnames# Become productive at issuing Linux commands with the most appropriate pathname
If you encounter technical issues, please contact your professor via e-mail or in your section's Microsoft Teams group.
In the Linux OS, the '''root directory''' / is the starting directory, and other ''child directories'', ''grandchild directories'', etc. can be created as required. This hierarchical structure resembles an "''upside-down tree''". There is actually a command called <code>tree</code> that displays a '''directory tree diagram'''!
* '''NOTE''': To install the ''tree'' command: <code>sudo yum install tree</code>
=== Directory Pathnames ===
When you log into your Linux user account, you are automatically directed to your '''home''' directory. This directory is where the user can store files and create subdirectories to organize their files.
=== Pathname Types ===
There are different types of file pathnames that we can use to access a directory or text file.
For Example:
* '''Absolute Pathname''': <code>/home/userid/uli101/cars.txt</code>
* '''Relative Pathname''': <code>uli101/cars.txt</code> (this assumes you are in your home directory)
* '''Relative-to-Home Pathname''': <code>~/uli101/cars.txt</code>
These types of file pathnames can make it more efficient (i.e. less keystrokes for users to type) when issuing Unix and Linux commands.
==== Absolute Pathnames ====
<table align="right"><tr><td>[[Image:absolute-path-2.png|thumb|right|250px|The directory in red displays the FULL path from the '''root''' directory to the '''bin''' directory (i.e. the absolute pathname: '''/bin'''.]]</td><td>[[Image:absolute-path-1.png|thumb|right|250px|Directories in red display the FULL path from the '''root''' directory to the '''examples''' directory (i.e. the absolute pathname: '''/home/your-user-id/uli101/examples'''.]]</td></tr><tr><td>[[Image:relative-pathname-1.png|thumb|right|250px|Directories in red display the path from the current directory location (which is '''xyz100''') to the '''bin''' directory (i.e. the relative pathname: '''../../../bin'''.]]</td><td>[[Image:relative-pathname-2.png|thumb|right|250px|Directories in red display the path from the current directory location (which is '''uli101''') to the '''examples''' directory (i.e. the relative pathname: '''uli101/examples''' or ./uli101/examples]]</td></tr><tr><td>[[Image:relative-to-home-1.png|thumb|right|250px|Directories in red display the path from the home directory of the current user (which is '''userid''') to the '''examples''' directory (i.e. the relative-to-home pathname: '''~/uli101/examples'''.]]</td><td>[[Image:relative-to-home-2.png|thumb|right|250px|Directories in red display the path from another user's home directory location to their '''notes''' directory (i.e. the relative-to-home pathname: '''~otheruserid/uli101/notes''']]</td></tr></table>
An '''absolute pathname''' is a path to a file or directory '''always beginning from the root directory''' (i.e. <code>/</code>).
This type of pathname is referred to as '''absolute''' because the pathname always begins from the '''root directory''', ''regardless the location or your current directory''. In other words, this type of pathname requires that you always provide the '''FULL''' pathname starting with the root directory.
Advantages of using Absolute Pathnames:
* Useful if you do not know your current directory location
* Understand the location of file within the filesystem.
Examples:
* <code>ls /bin</code>
* <code>ls /home/your-user-id/uli101/examples</code>
==== Relative Pathnames ====
A '''relative pathname''' is a path to a file or directory that begins from your '''current''' directory. This is called relative because it is used to locate a specific file ''relative to your current directory''.
'''NOTE:''' In order to use relative pathnames, it is absolutely necessary that you know the location of your current directory!
Relative Pathname Symbols:
* <code>.</code> A period symbol "." represents the '''current''' directory
* <code>..</code> Two consecutive period symbols ".." represents the '''parent directory''' (i.e. one level up)
Advantages of using Relative Pathnames:
* Possible shorter pathname (less typing)
Examples:
* <code>ls ../../../bin</code>
* <code>ls examples</code>
* <code>ls ./examples</code>
==== Relative-to-Home Pathnames ====
A '''relative-to-home''' pathname begins with the tilde character ( i.e. '''~''') to represent the user’s home directory.
The tilde character <code>~</code> stores the path of the user’s home directory (i.e. '''~''' = '''/home/current-user-id''')
You can immediately place a username after the tilde to represent another user’s home directory (e.g. '''~otheruserid''' = '''/home/otheruseid''')
Examples:
* <code>ls ~/uli101/examples</code>
* <code>ls ~otheruserid/uli101/notes</code>
'''NOTE''': Deciding which '''type of pathname''' to use depends on many factors including:
# Knowledge of current directory
# Knowledge of directory structure
# Currently directory location
# Type of file management command that is being used
= INVESTIGATION 1: Creating and Managing Directories =
#* If so, what does this say about how to use multiple options for Linux commands?
# Issue the following Linux command to create the acp100xx and xyz100xx directories: <code>mkdir /home/your-seneca-id/acp100xx /home/your-seneca-id/xyz100xx</code>
#* '''NOTE:''' You can create multiple directories by issuing the <code>mkdir</code> command with multiple arguments.('''Make sure there's a space between each path!''')
# Issue the following Linux command to confirm that those directories have been created: <code>ls -ld /home/your-seneca-id/acp100xx /home/your-seneca-id/xyz100xx</code>
#* Using a FULL pathname starting from the root directory (i.e. /) requires is a LOT of typing!
Perform the following steps:
<table align="right"><tr valign="top"><td>[[Image:script-check-1.png|thumb|right|250px|If all check checks pass, then user performed task correctly and can continue.]]</td><td>[[Image:script-check-2.png|thumb|right|450px|If there is a warning, then feedback is provided to user to correct and re-run checking script.]]</td></table>
# Make certain that your current directory is your home directory.
# Create a new directory called '''bin''': <code>mkdir bin</code>
# Download the Part 1 checking scriptInstall git: <code>wget sudo yum -y install git</code># Using git, download all lab check scripts into your bin directory: <code>git clone https://raw.githubusercontentgithub.com/ops705/labs/main/labcheck2.1.sh -P git /home/your-seneca-id/bin/</code># Move back to your home directory.
# Run the checking script for Part 1: <code>labcheck2.1.sh</code>
#* If you encounter errors, then view the feedback to make corrections, and then re-run the checking script.
#* If you receive a congratulations message that there are no errors, then proceed to the next part.
# Assuming you received a '''congratulations''' message, take a screenshot of the full script output. You'll need it for later.
==Part 2: Viewing Directory Contents / Copying & Moving Directories==
# Display the directory structure of your home directory to confirm you copied the uli101xx directory: <code>tree</code>
# Issue the following Linux command: <code>mv acp100xx xyz100xx/uli101xx/tutorials</code>
# Display the directory structure of your home directory to confirm you moved the acp100xx directory: </code>tree</code>
'''Let's run a checking script to see if you moved and copied the directories correctly:'''
# Make certain that your current directory is your home directory.
# Run the checking script for Part 2: <code>labcheck2.2.sh</code>
# Take a screenshot of the full script output. You'll need it for later.
If you encounter errors, make corrections and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.
# Make certain that your current directory is your home directory.
# Issue the <code>tree</code> command to confirm that all of those recently created directories have been removed.
# Run the checking script for Part 3: <code>labcheck2.3.sh</code>
Since the current directory location was your home directory, then it makes sense to use relative or relative-to-home pathnames. On the other hand, what if we changed the location to a different directory?
# Make certain that your current directory is your home directory.
# Issue the <code>tree</code> command to confirm that all of those recently created directories have been removed.
If you encounter errors, make corrections and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.
== Part 4: Pathing Practice ==
[[Image:dir12.png|right|350px|thumb|This diagram should reflect your own directory structure before beginning Part 4. Refer to this tree diagram throughout Part 4 to help orient yourself.]]
When performing the next series of steps, refer to the tree diagram on the right. Learning to reference a tree diagram on a quiz, midterm or final exam can help to prevent errors and loss of marks!
Perform the following:
# Change to the examples directory in your recently-created directory structure: <code>cd tutorial3/practice/examples</code>
# Confirm you are located in the ''examples '' directory.# Remembering that we are located in the ''examples '' directory, issue the following Linux command using a relative pathname to display files in the ''/bin '' directory: <code>ls ../../../../../bin</code>
# Now issue the following Linux command using an absolute pathname: <code>ls /bin</code>
#* '''Which type of pathname would be the best to use in this situation?'''
# Let's copy the file called ''ls'' which is contained in the ''/bin'' directory to your home directory by using the <code>cp</code> command.
# First, copy the ''ls'' command from the ''/bin'' directory to your home directory using absolute pathnames: <code>cp /bin/ls /home/youruserid</code>
# Now let's issue the previous command using just relative pathname (remember, our current directory location is ''examples''): <code>cp ../../../../../bin/ls ../..</code>
#* '''TIP: For relative pathnames that move up multiple parent directories such as these, it is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED to view the tree diagram and check for the correct number of .. symbols. Students commonly make mistakes and lose marks on these type of questions!'''
# Let's issue the command using one absolute pathname and a relative pathname: <code>cp /bin/ls ../..</code>
#* What does this command do?
'''Let's run a checking script to make certain you performed the recently-issued commands correctly.:'''
# Make certain that your current directory is your home directory.
# Issue the <code>tree</code> command to confirm that all of those recently created directories have been removed.
If you encounter errors, make corrections and re-run the checking script until you receive a congratulations message.
= Lab Submission =
# A successful run of '''labcheck2.1.sh'''
# A successful run of '''labcheck2.2.sh'''
Make sure to fully stop your VMs when you're done!
= Licensing =
Author: Chris Johnson
License: [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html LGPL version 3]
[[Category:OPS705]]
[[Category:OPS705 Labs]]
[[Category:Digital Classroom]]