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→VPC
Inside your private cloud you can have networks, file storage, compute (processing VMs), databases, etc.
Access to your resources from the outside is available through an [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/VPC_Internet_Gateway.html '''Internet Gateway'''], which does port forwarding. It is used even if your VMs have public IP addresses. That is done in order to simplify securing your resources.
If your software uses any resources from outside your AWS VPC: those will also connect via the Internet Gateway.