==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Online References:==OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==
* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]
This lab will first install, setup, and enable a Samba server. Then users will access files on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and command line).
==OVERVIEWINVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==
In this labinvestigation, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web set up a '''Samba server to ''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and run web applicationsenable the samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.
The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pages, images, and other static files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting.
If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or 'Perform the following steps:'Python'').
In this lab, we will set up one type #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes"LAMP solution encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section''' runs webmail (ithat will limit access to the share so that only machines in your virtual network will be able to access it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.e0. send 1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a Samba account and receive email in password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a web browser).<yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>
{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}
<ol><li value== INVESTIGATION "6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below: SETTING UP A LAMP FOUNDATION==</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name=== Linux Platform For Webserver IPC$ IPC IPC Service (VM4"Your Name") Domain=[WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup MasterFirst --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, we will setup a new Linux VM that will be contained on issue the same subnet, using following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your existing DNS server Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''vm1dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''), and firewall settings. Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''Perform the following steps:exit'''to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>
# Create another virtual machine called '''vm4''' from scratch (only a minimal setup is needed). If you forgot how You can use smbclient to do thisaccess, refer to [http://zenit.senecac.on.ca/wiki/index.php/OPS335_Installation_Lab#VM_Installation Lab1].<br><br>'''For Interest:''' As an optional exercise: configure all your network settings (except the firewall) using the installation wizard during installation static IP (the address '''192.168.X.5''' should be available).<br><br># Configure your '''vm4''' virtual machine in the same way that you've configured the browse and share files within other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, including:::* The Linux installation (minimum install)::* If you didn't setup the network configuration during installation, make certain to connect to the correct network with and Windows servers using a static IP<br>(the address 192.168.X.5 should variety of tools which will be available),::* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server (make reference to vm4's IPADDR for domain resolution)::* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall (hint: use saved shell scripts)::* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account (for future backups)::* Disabling '''selinux''' since you don't know how to configure it properlydemonstrated in Investigations 2 and 3.
<ol><li value="3">Test '''Record steps, commands, and your vm4 virtual machine to make certain that it functions correctly.</li></ol>observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''
== Apache INVESTIGATION 2: CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==
Install Apache (In this investigation you will explore some of the package name is httpd), start the service, make it start automatically, and allow different ways to access to it through the firewall a shared directory from a Linux client machine (Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port 80VM1).
Now if you navigate to vm4.youruserid.org in a web browser in your host - you should see an Apache testing page.=== Installing and Using smbclient ===
Delete the file '''/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf''' to get rid of the default page.
We're not going to have a lot of time to study various Apache options so we'll tell you what you're looking for but you have to find it yourself.Perform the following steps on your VM1'''
#Install the '''DocumentRootsamba-client''' specifies where Apache will look for documents and '''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the "smbclient" command in a terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></source>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to serve:<source> smb: \></source>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</source>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.#When you are finished close the connection.# Try again using '''[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>
Now create the file '''indexNote that this tool only gave temporary access with a limited set of commands.html''' in your DocumentRoot directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>=== Using 'mount -t cifs' ===
If you refresh Instead of always having to use the page in Firefox - smbclient command to connect to your network share, you should see can have the contents of share automatically mounted upon your index.html. If you like file server boot- you can specify the filename index.html in the address but there's no need since it's a defaultup.
It may seem obvious - but notice that the time doesn't change as you refresh the page.
== PHP =='''Perform the following steps on your VM1'''
We#Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2-home</source>#Create a file in that directory, then switch to 'll replace our ''vm2'index'' to confirm that it was created.html#Use umount on ''' file with an vm1'''indexto unmount that directory.php''' with the following contents:
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre>
Notice Note that in a web browser this tool would leave the indexdirectory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted.php file isn't treated as a default page and It would also allow other users access to the contents don't contain the datedirectory, but instead have exactly as it effectively became part of the text abovelocal filesystem. That's because the PHP interpreter isn't installed by default It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on CentOS. Install it. The package comes with a working default Apache boot (though this would require another configuration so you file we don't need to enable it manuallycover).
Refresh the page, notice that you now see the date instead of the call to the date command. This is a trivial example of dynamic web content - it doesn't need to be the same every time you look at it.==INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==
== MySQL ==This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a Samba File server to allow Windows OS Users access to the Linux Samba server files.
MySQL is used to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is used by countless services for all kinds of use cases. Again we won't spend much time learning the details of MySQL configuration but you need ===Accessing Files on a basic server set up. You may remember setting up MySQL from OPS235 - we're doing the nearly identical thing here.Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===
Install MySQL. You may notice With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you should be able to access files on that it's actually called MariaDB now. They are two separate projects run by different groups but they are compatible so you can use documentation file from one to configure a Windows machine on the othersame network. Make sure you have not just the client but also the server softwareYou will be creating a Samba share for your home directory of your regular user account.
When you start '''Perform the service - youfollowing tasks:''ll get some instructions in the log file about setting a root password. Even though we won't configure our service to be accessible over the network - you should get into the habit of doing this with every MySQL installation you ever make.
Note # Make certain that MySQL has two root passwords - one for localhost your '''VM2''' machine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and one for external requestsis still running the samba service. Just run # Use the two commands Windows machine you're given in the logare already running Vmware on. Use If you have a password Linux host - good for you make up yourself, but donyou can either use a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from outside your network to your VM2, making sure to replace the X with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t use a secret password nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to- destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e.g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when yourestart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2''ll be putting it in a plain text file later' to also accept connections from the windows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''
{| width= Roundcube Mail "40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"
We'll install Roundcube Mail|- valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login. Download png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for the tarball from their website directly into the html directory of Samba user-name and password for your vm4 using wget'''VM2''' machine). This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge website]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive.png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a '''mapped network drive (z:)''' for your Linux Samba server network share).]]|}
Extract <ol><li value="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the tarball Map Network Drive button, and rename create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''') which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory to .</li><li>When finished, click on '''webmailNetwork'''in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>
In that directory there will be {{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a file named '''INSTALLfull backup''' which will walk of ALL of your VMs whenever you through the rest of complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using the installationdump or rsync command VMs.}}
Some notes:'''Record steps, commands, and your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your OPS335 lab log-book'''
* Be careful about copy-pasting the MySQL setup part, don't try ==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that allows remote access to rush itfiles stored on a Linux server.* You'll need have also learned how to install use several different tools to access those files, both from a couple more Apache modules: php-xml, php-pdo, Linux and php-mysqlWindows client.* Don't forget to set the password in the roundcube configuration.
Note that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are ===Online Submission===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on different machines, not on vm4blackboard. For that to work you<!--===Andrew'll need to set the following options for Roundcube:s sections===
* $config['smtp_server']You may choose to:* $config[Submit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which case you don'default_host']t need to come to the lab.* $config['default_portOr come to the lab, show me your work, and talk to me about it. I want to hear what you']ve learned and answer any questions you have.
(You'll get the last two are your IMAP server). You should be able same grade regardless of how you choose to test the configuration in submit your Roundcube installer Step 3work.
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style= COMPLETING THE LAB "color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' file on VM2 machine::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall exceptions (both machines) to allow Samba traffic::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Download and run '''https://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash'''::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.-->
Students should be prepared with '''all required commands (system information) displayed in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling the instructor for signoff'''.==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==
'''Arrange evidence (command output) for each of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:'''
::<span style="color:green;font-size:1#What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm''' command?#What does the text inside square brackets in the '''smb.conf''' file mean? (e.g.5em;, ">✓</span>Your webmail showing your inbox::<span style=[home]"color:green;font-size:1).5em;#Explain the meaning of the line ">✓</span>Your webmail sending an email out::<span stylecreate mask =0765"color:green;font-size:1in the smb.5em;">&conf file?#x2713;</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal accountWhat does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?