==WEB SERVER RESOURCES==[[Category:OPS335]][[Category:OPS335 Labs]]
Online References:==OBJECTIVE & PREPARATION==
* (Course Notes This lab's primary focus is to set up a Samba server on a Linux server in order to allow MS Windows users to share common files from the Apache Web Server)* [http://wwwLinux's Samba server.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-apache-on-centos-7/ Installing Apache Webserver on Centos7]
This lab will first install, setup, and enable a Samba server. Then users will access files on the Linux Samba server from Linux and Windows client machines (both graphically and command line).
==OVERVIEWINVESTIGATION 1: INSTALLING & CONFIGURING A SAMBA SERVER==
In this labinvestigation, we will look at several separate technologies that are used with the Apache web set up a '''Samba server to ''' on our '''VM2''' machine. We will first install, configure and run web applicationsenable the samba server on our virtual machine, and then we will quickly test to see if the Samba server works.
The basic purpose of the Apache web server is to serve text pages, images, and other static files. You can format those web-pages to appear nice, but they would lack dynamic functionality (i.e. the ability to change colors or font-size when the mouse moves over a link, button, etc). In other words using Apache web-server as a sole application would not make your web-pages more interesting.
If we want to add more features for our web-page (eg. dynamic functionality, security, e-commerce, etc), your webserver would need additional help. To provide additional help requires several resources - more than just the web server itself. A popular acronym to represent these foundations and servers is referred to as '''LAMP'''. It stands for '''Linux''', '''Apache''', '''MySQL''', and '''PHP''' (or 'Perform the following steps:'Python'').
This week we will set up a #Make certain that both your '''VM1''' and '''VM2''' machines are running.#Switch to your '''VM2''' machine as the '''root''' user.#Issue the following Linux command to install Samba server utlity:<br>'''yum install samba samba-client'''<br>#Copy the file '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''' to another filename by issuing the following command:<br>'''cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original'''#Clear the contents of the configuration file by running '''cat /dev/null > /etc/samba/smb.conf'''#Edit '''/etc/samba/smb.conf'''so that the file that contains the following lines: [global] workgroup = WORKGROUP server string = "put your real name here without the quotes"LAMP solution encrypt passwords = yes security = user passdb backend = tdbsam [home] comment = "put your real name here without the quotes" path = /home/<yourSenecaID> public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 [homes] comment = automatic home share public = no writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0765 browseable = no<ol><li value="3">Append (add) the following parameter to the bottom of the '''[global] section' '' that will limit access to the share so that only machines in order your virtual network will be able to support a website that runs webmail (iaccess it:</li></ol> hosts allow = 192.168.x. 127.0.e0. send 1<ol><li value="4">Append (add) the following parameter to the '''[home] section''' so that only your user account can access that share:</li></ol> valid users = <yourSenecaID><ol><li value="5">Create a Samba account and receive email in password for yourSenecaID by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbpasswd -a web browser).<yourSenecaID>'''</li></ol>
{{Admon/tip|Changing Existing Samba Account Passwords|If you need to change a user's existing Samba account password, you can issue the following command as root: '''smbpasswd username'''.}}
<ol><li value="6">Confirm the user you created has been added using the following command:<br>'''pdbedit -L -v'''</li><li>Test and review your configuration with the command:<br>'''testparm'''</li><li>Use the '''systemctl''' command to start the smb.service and enable the service to run on boot-up</li><li>If you have SELinux set to enforcing, you'll will need to tell it to allow samba access to home directories by running: <br> '''setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs 1'''</li><li>Use the '''ss -nautp''' command to see with port Samba is running on.</li><li>Use the information in the previous step to modify the firewall on VM2 machine to allow samba traffic.</li><li>Test to see that you can connect to your Samba server (locally) by issuing the following command:<br>'''smbclient -U <yourSenecaID> -L 127.0.0.1'''</li><li>When prompted, enter your Samba account password.</li><li>The output from that issued command show appear similar to example displayed below:</li></ol> Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- home Disk Your Name IPC$ IPC IPC Service ("Your Name") Domain= INVESTIGATION [WORKGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1: SETTING UP A LAMP FOUNDATION] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment ------ ------- WorkGroup Master --------- ------ <ol><li value="13">To access the Samba client shell on your local Samba share, issue the following command:<br>'''smbclient '\\127.0.0.1\home' -U <yourSenecaID>'''</li><li>Enter your Samba account password.</li><li>Issue the help command to note common commands (''dir'', ''cd'', ''ls'', ''put'', ''get''). Note how similar they are to ''sftp'' commands.</li><li>Enter '''exit''' to terminal your local Samba session.</li></ol>
FirstYou can use smbclient to access, we will setup browse and share files within other Linux and Windows servers using a new Linux VM that variety of tools which will be contained on the same subnet, using your existing DNS server (vm1), demonstrated in Investigations 2 and firewall settings3.
=== Linux Platform For Webserver (VM4) ==='''Record steps, commands, and your observations in INVESTIGATION 1 in your OPS335 lab log-book'''
We'll need a new virtual machine. Because you probably forgot how to install one - go through the exercise again, and set up a vm4 from scratch. Only a minimal setup is needed. Configure it in the same way that you've configured the other three main VMs. This should be a quick exercise for you by now, including==INVESTIGATION 2:* The installation,* Connecting to the correct network with a static IP (the address 192.168.X.5 should be available),* Making sure you're using your internal DNS server,* Configuring default rules for your iptables firewall,* Allowing passwordless login from the host's root account,* Disabling selinux since you don't know how to configure it properly.CONNECTING TO A LINUX SMB SERVER FROM A LINUX CLIENT==
As an interesting exercise: configure all your network settings In this investigation you will explore some of the different ways to access a shared directory from a Linux client machine (except the firewallVM1) during the installation wizard.
== Apache = Installing and Using smbclient ===
Install Apache (the package name is httpd), start the service, make it start automatically, and allow access to it through the firewall (Apache serves HTTP traffic which goes over TCP port 80).
Now if you navigate to vm4.youruserid.org in a web browser in '''Perform the following steps on your host - you should see an Apache testing page.VM1'''
Delete #Install the file '''samba-client''' and '''cifs-utils''' packages.#Use the "smbclient" command in a terminal window.<source> smbclient '\\vm2\home' -U <yourSenecaID></etcsource>#After entering your password you should get a prompt similar to:<source> smb: \></httpdsource>#Enter the ls command to see a list of the files in your home directory:<source> smb: \> ls</confsource>#Once you have access to the directory use the get and put commands (similar to ftp) to move files.d/welcome#When you are finished close the connection.conf# Try again using ''' to get rid of the default page.[homes]''' share instead<source> smbclient '\\vm2\homes' -U <yourSenecaID></source>
We're not going to have Note that this tool only gave temporary access with a lot limited set of time to study various Apache options so we'll tell you what you're looking for but you have to find it yourselfcommands.
=== Using 'mount -t cifs''DocumentRoot''' specifies where Apache will look for documents to serve.===
Now create Instead of always having to use the smbclient command to connect to your network share, you can have the share automatically mounted upon your file '''indexserver boot-up.html''' in your DocumentRoot directory with the following contents (replace the date with the current one):
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is Mar 28 22:16:27 EDT 2016!</pre>
If you refresh '''Perform the page in Firefox - you should see the contents of following steps on your index.html. If you like - you can specify the filename index.html in the address but thereVM1''s no need since it's a default.
It may seem obvious #Issue the following commands to create a mount-point and to mount your home directory from your vm2 machine:<source> mkdir /tmp/vm2-home mount -t cifs //vm2/home /tmp/vm2-home -o username=<yourSenecaID> ls /tmp/vm2- but notice home</source>#Create a file in that the time doesndirectory, then switch to '''vm2''' to confirm that it was created.#Use umount on '''vm1'''t change as you refresh the pageto unmount that directory.
== PHP ==
We'll replace our '''indexNote that this tool would leave the directory mounted until the machine rebooted or it was manually unmounted. It would also allow other users access to the directory, as it effectively became part of the local filesystem.html''' It could even be added to fstab to be mounted on boot (though this would require another configuration file with an we don'''indext cover).php''' with the following contents:
<pre>Hello, this is a web page on vm4.yourid.org and the current time is <?php system("date"); ?>!</pre>==INVESTIGATION 3: CONNECTING TO A SAMBA SERVER FROM A WINDOWS CLIENT==
Notice that in a web browser the index.php file isn't treated This investigation will configure your VM2 machine to act as a default page and the contents don't contain Samba File server to allow Windows OS Users access to the date, but instead have exactly the text above. That's because the PHP interpreter isn't installed by default on CentOS. Install it. The package comes with a working default Apache configuration so you don't need to enable it manuallyLinux Samba server files.
Refresh the page, notice that you now see the date instead of the call to the date command. This is ===Accessing Files on a trivial example of dynamic web content - it doesn't need to be the same every time you look at it.Linux Samba Server via Windows Explorer ===
== MySQL ==With some additional "tweaking" to your Linux Samba server configuration file, you should be able to access files on that file from a Windows machine on the same network. You will be creating a Samba share for your home directory of your regular user account.
MySQL is used to allow storage and retrieval of structured data. SQL is used by countless services for all kinds of use cases. Again we won't spend much time learning ''Perform the details of MySQL configuration but you need a basic server set up. You may remember setting up MySQL from OPS235 - wefollowing tasks:'''re doing the nearly identical thing here.
Install MySQL. You may notice # Make certain that ityour '''VM2'''s actually called MariaDB nowmachine is running, is still allowing samba traffic through the firewall, and is still running the samba service. They # Use the Windows machine you are two separate projects run by different groups but they are compatible so already running Vmware on. If you have a Linux host - good for you, you can either use documentation a Windows VM or skip this part.# Add the prerouting and forwarding rules to your host's iptables necessary to redirect samba traffic from one outside your network to your VM2, making sure to configure replace the otherX with your own network address.::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 139 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -I FORWARD -p tcp --dport 445 -d 192.168.X.3 -j ACCEPT</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>OR with specifing the interface (whichever works):::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 139 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>::<code>iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i *externalinterface* -p tcp --dport 445 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.X.3</code>where *externalinterface* is an interface name (e. Make sure g. ens33)<br>'''NOTE:''' when you have not just restart libvirtd, it will move your FORWARD rules to the end of the chain, invalidating them.# Modify the client but '''hosts allow''' setting on your '''vm2''' to also accept connections from the server softwarewindows machine you are using.# Open the Windows File Explorer application.# At the top of the application, enter the following:<br>'''\\EXTERNAL_IPADDR_OF_HOST\home'''
When you start the service - you'll get some instructions in the log file about setting a root password. Even though we won't configure our service to be accessible over the network - you should get into the habit of doing this with every MySQL installation you ever make.{| width="40%" align="right" cellpadding="10"
Note that MySQL has two root passwords |- one valign="top"|[[Image:samba-login.png|thumb|right|300px|You will be prompted (once only) for localhost the Samba user-name and one password for external requestsyour '''VM2''' machine). Just run the two commands you're given in the log]]|[[Image:samba3-map-drive. Use png|thumb|right|300px|You can create a password you make up yourself, but don't use a secret password - you'll be putting it in a plain text file later'mapped network drive (z:)''' for your Linux Samba server network share).]]|}
<ol><li value= Roundcube Mail ="5"> You will be prompted to enter your samba username and password (one time only). Refer to screenshot on right.<br><br>'''NOTE:''' It may take approximately 30 seconds to display the file contents.<br><br></li><li>Were you successful? You should have received an error stating the your credentials are incorrect. You will notice that it adds SENEDS to the beginning of your user name, as the Seneca machine is pre-configured to be part of that workgroup.</li><li>Change the workgroup parameter in smb.conf on VM2 to match the seneca domain SENEDS, and try to connect again.</li><li>Were you successful? If not, try to troubleshoot the problem first, then ask your lab assistant or instructor for assistance.</li><li>Close the Windows File Explorer application window.</li><li>Click on the '''START''' menu, and click on '''This PC'''.</li><li>Click on the Map Network Drive button, and create a '''mapped network drive''' (called it drive '''Z:''') which is a Samba share of your VM2 machine for the home directory.</li><li>When finished, click on '''Network''' in Windows file manager to confirm that the network share is present.</li><li>Try to create a file on Windows on your Linux Samba machine. Were you able to create a save a file?</li><li>Switch to your VM2 machine and check to see if that file was created in your home directory.</li></ol>
We{{Admon/important |Backup your VMs!|You MUST perform a '''ll install Roundcube Mail. Download the tarball from their website directly into the html directory full backup''' of ALL of your vm4 VMs whenever you complete your '''OPS335 labs''' or when working on your '''OPS335 assignments'''. You should be using wget. This part may take some effort depending on the Sourceforge websitedump or rsync command VMs.}}
Extract the tarball and rename the directory to '''webmailRecord steps, commands, and your observations from this INVESTIGATION in your OPS335 lab log-book'''.
==COMPLETING THE LAB==In completing this lab you have gained experience using a service that directory there will be allows remote access to files stored on a Linux server. You have also learned how to use several different tools to access those files, both from a file named '''INSTALL''' which will walk you through the rest of the installationLinux and Windows client..
Some notes:===Online Submission===Follow the instructions for lab 5 on blackboard.<!--===Andrew's sections===
You may choose to:* Be careful about copy-pasting the MySQL setup partSubmit screenshots of your work on Blackboard, in which case you don't try need to come to rush itthe lab.* You'll need Or come to install a couple more Apache modules: php-xmlthe lab, php-pdoshow me your work, and php-mysqltalk to me about it.* DonI want to hear what you't forget to set the password in the roundcube configurationve learned and answer any questions you have.
Note that both your IMAP and SMTP servers are on different machines, not on vm4. For that to work youYou'll need get the same grade regardless of how you choose to set the following options for Roundcube:submit your work.
* $config[::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Proof of network share of VM2 machine from Windows VM via Windows Explorer application::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall settings on your Windows VM to allow Linux Samba network share::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Display contents of '''/etc/samba/smb.conf''smtp_server']file on VM2 machine::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span> Firewall exceptions (both machines) to allow Samba traffic* $config[::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Download and run '''default_hosthttps://ict.senecacollege.ca/~andrew.smith/ops335/labcheck5.bash']* $config['default_port']::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>Completed Lab5 log-book notes.-->
(the last two are your IMAP server). You should be able to test the configuration in your Roundcube installer Step 3.==EXPLORATION QUESTIONS==
== COMPLETING THE LAB ==
Students should be prepared with #What does SMB stand for?#What does CIFS stand for?#What is the purpose of the '''testparm'''all required commands (system information) displayed command?#What does the text inside square brackets in a terminal (or multiple terminals) prior to calling the instructor for signoff'''smb. conf'''Arrange evidence file mean? (command outpute.g., "[home]") for each .#Explain the meaning of these items on your screen, then ask your instructor to review them and sign off on the lab's completion:''' ::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;line ">✓</span>Your webmail showing your inbox::<span stylecreate mask =0765"color:green;font-size:1in the smb.5em;">✓</span>Your webmail sending an email outconf file?::<span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">✓</span>You receiving that mail on an exernal accountWhat does the '''smbpasswd''' command do?