OPS335 Lab 1

Configure a Linux Gateway for Linux Hosts inside an Intranet

This lab will show you how to set up a simple intranet using one Fedora PC as a gateway. The same Fedora PC will be a host to a Fedora VM (Virtual Machine) which will act as a PC inside an intranet. Here is a diagram of your setup.

Requirement - Lab 0
Lab 0 should be completed and you should have a copy of Fedora 16, x86_64 LIVE ISO Image.

Instructions

Managing services using systemd

Boot up your Fedora 16 x86_64 system, login with your learn id and use Firefox to authenticate yourself on Senenet so you can download and install new software.

• Open a terminal window and su to root.
• Ensure your system date and time are correct.
• Ensure your system is up to date

yum update

• Start your ssh server

service sshd start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start sshd.service

• Notice that your command was redirected to 'systemctl', the command executed was 'systemctl start sshd.service'. Record this in your lab book.
• Enable sshd to start at boot

chkconfig sshd on
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable sshd.service'.
ln -s '/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/sshd.service'

• Again notice your command was redirected to 'systemctl', the command executed was 'systemctl enable sshd.service'. A symbolic link was created as well, explain its purpose in your lab book.
• Install the virtualization software

yum groupinstall virtualization

• Start the libvirt daemon using 'systemctl'

 systemctl start libvirtd.service

• Enable libvirtd to start at boot using 'systemctl'

systemctl enable libvirtd.service
libvirtd.service is not a native service, redirecting to /sbin/chkconfig.
Executing /sbin/chkconfig libvirtd on
Warning: unit files do not carry install information. No operation executed.

Create your personal network

Start Virtual Machine Manager through Gnome or through command line. You will need to enter your root password.

virt-manager

Right click 'localhost (QEMU)' and select 'Details'. Click on the 'Virtual Networks' tab and use the plus sign to add a new virtual network using the following options.

• Name your virtual network 'ops335'
• Use the last two digits of your student number for the third octet of network IP address. Example, if your student number is 000-000-090, the network address would be 192.168.90.0/24.

Installing the first guest machine

With the virtualization software installed and your personal network created, you are now ready to create your first "Virtual Machine". Use the Fedora 16 x86 64 bit disk to install, or download an iso from Belmont (these links will only work at school).

 wget http://belmont.senecac.on.ca/fedora/releases/16/Live/x86_64/Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-Desktop.iso
 or
 wget http://belmont.senecac.on.ca/fedora/releases/16/Live/x86_64/Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-KDE.iso

1. Click on the icon "Create a new virtual machine" to begin.
2. Name your machine "f16-vm01" and choose your installation method - "Local install media". Choose the desired option to install from either the CD or iso. For "OS type" select "Linux" and for Version select "Fedora 16" then click on the "Forward" button.
3. Use the default memory and CPU options for use in the lab. Then click on the "Forward" button to proceed.
4. Leave the disk image size set at 8GB and ensure "Allocate entire disk now" is checked, then click on the "Forward" button.
5. At the "Ready to begin installation" window click on Advanced options arrow to review available options.
6. Once your Fedora Live CD boots up, login and double click the "Install to Hard Disk" icon.
7. Click the "Next" button to begin your F13 installation.
8. Select "US English" for your keyboard and click on the "Next" button.
9. Ensure "Basic Storage Devices" is selected and click on the "Next" button.
10. Select the "Virtio Block Device" check box and click on the "Next" button.
11. Click on the "Re-initialize All" button".
12. Change your hostname to "vm01.localdomain" and click on the "Next" button.
13. Select "America/Toronto" as your timezone and click on the "Next" button.
14. Enter the password for root and click on the "Next" button.
15. Select "Use All Space" and click on the "Next" button.
16. Click on the "Write Changes to Disk" button.
17. When the "Congratulations" window is displayed click on the "Close" button.
18. Now, from the System men on the host PC, select "Shutdown" and then click on the "Restart" button.
19. At the "Welcome" screen click on the "Forward" button.
20. At the "License" window click on the "Forward" button.
21. Enter a user name of "Joker" and add the password then click the "Forward" button.
22. Enter the correct date and time and click on the "Forward" button.
23. In the "Profile" window, click on the "Finish" button and "Do not send profile".
24. Now login as user "joker" and open a terminal window.
25. Switch to root and update your VM guest machine
    • yum update
    • This could take a long time and you should reboot after it's done.

• Ensure your VM guest has internet access
  • host cbc.ca

Testing your Gateway

• Try pinging each machine from the other.
• Try pinging Matrix from each machine.
• Start the ssh server on both machines

service sshd start

• Enable the ssh server at startup on both machines

chkconfig --levels 2345 sshd on

• Start Firefox on your host machine and authenticate yourself on Senenet.
• Try to ssh from the guest to the host machine. This should work.
• Try to ssh from the host to the guest machine. This should not work.
• Try to ssh to your Matrix account from both the host and guest machines.
• Try to ssh from your Matrix account back to your host and guest machines.
• Add one iptables rule to the guest firewall that will accept new ssh connections to the guest machine.
• Save your new firewall rules

service iptables save

• Reboot your guest machine.
• Try to ssh from the host to the guest machine. This should now work.
• Start Firefox on the guest machine and try surfing the web without authicating yourself on Senenet. i.e. only the host machine is authenticated.

Completing the Lab

Time for a new backup!
If you have successfully completed this lab, make a new backup of your virtual machines.

Answer the following questions in your logbook.

1. What iptables rule was added to allow ssh connections to the guest vm?
2. Explain how Network Address Translation is accomplished on the host. Refer and specifically explain the 3 rules in the POSTROUTING chain of the nat table on the host machine.
3. How is ping and ssh affected (on both machines) if you disable ip forwarding on the host machine?
   • echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
4. Did you clean up your work area, power off your PC and push your chair under the table when you completed this lab?