Changes

=LAB PREPARATION=

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[[Image:crontab.png|thumb|right|175px|Linux system administrators need to schedule Linux shell scripts and commands (via '''crontab''') to automatically run in order to be more productive.]]

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===Purpose / Objectives of Lab 5===

[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/pvdisplay.8.html pvdisplay]<br>

[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lvdisplay.8.html lvdisplay]<br>

|style="padding-left:20px;" |LVM Management

[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lvextend.8.html lvextend]<br>

[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/lvcreate.8.html lvcreate]<br>

[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/df.1.html df]<br>

[http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/du.1.html du]<br>

[http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition/fdisk_partitioning.html fdisk]<br>

[http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-format-create-linux-filesystem/ mkfs]<br>

[http://code.tutsplus.com/tutorials/scheduling-tasks-with-cron-jobs--net-8800 Using crontab]

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= INVESTIGATION 1: MONITORING HARD DISK SPACE =

#Make certain you are logged in as '''root'''.

#Change to the '''/root/bin''' directory.

#Try to understand what this Bash Shell script does (refer to man pages for the '''awk''' command), and then run the script as root.

#Give execute permissions and run this shell script. This script is supposed to notify the root user by email if there are any potential partition size issues.

#Edit the '''monitor-disk-space.bash''' shell script, and set the <b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">ALERT=90</span></code></b> value to <b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">ALERT=10</span></code></b>. Then save your editing session, and re-run this shell script.

#Run the '''mail''' command. Do you have a mail message? Enter the mail message number to view the message. If there is a message, what is the purpose of this message?

'''Answer INVESTIGATION 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''

=INVESTIGATION 2: MANAGING HARD DISK SPACE USING LVM=

<li>Re-issue the '''ssm''' command. Do you see a new /dev/vda3 partition under Physical Volumes?</li>

<li>To add the newly created partition, you need to add it into LVM to be used. Issue the following command to add the partition into LVM: <br><b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">pvcreate /dev/vda3</span></code></b> (or ''pvcreate /dev/sda3'' ) (enter '''y''' to proceed - ignore warning)</li>

<li>Create a new logical volume by issuing the following command:<br><b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">lvcreate -L 2G -n archive centos_centos2</span></code></b></li>

<li>Format your newly-created partition by issuing the command: <b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">mkfs -t ext4 /dev/centos_centos2/archive</span></code></b></li>

<li>Issue the '''ssm list''' command to view the new physical volume and logical volume information.</li>

<li>Issue the '''ssm list''' command to verify.</li>

<li>Issue the '''ssm list''' command to verify.</li>

</ol>

[[Image:Add_virtual_disk.png|thumb|right|400px|You can add virtual hard disks for a VM by changing to the Details section for the VM (as opposed to console), click Add Hardware, fill information in the Add New Virtual Hardware dialog box and clicking Finish.]]

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===Part 2: Adding Additional Virtual Hard Drives===

<li value="3">Record the size of the volume group and the amount of free space</li>

<li>At the top of your KVM window for '''centos2''', click the '''view''' menu and change view from '''Console''' to <u>'''Details'''</u>''' .</li>

<li>Click the '''VM''' menu again, and return to the '''console''' view to access your centos2 VM display.</li>

<li>Issue the command: <b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">ls /dev/vd*</span></code></b>, what has changed?</li>

<li>Re-issue the '''ssm list''' command to see if there is any change.</li>

<li>Record the size of the volume group and the amount of free space. What has changed and what caused those changes?</li>

<li>Issue the '''ssm list''' command. Note that your home file-system is now 2GB bigger, and you have not even rebooted your machine since you used fdisk to create a partition!</li>

[[Image:mount.png|thumb|700px|right|Using the '''mount''' command with no arguments displays file-systems that are already mounted. The Linux system administrator can use the '''mount''' and '''umount''' commands to connect and disconnect different partitions from the file-system to perform maintenance.]]

=== Part 3: Manually &amp; Automatically Mount Partitions ===

# Perform this part in your '''centos2''' VM.

# Issue the following command to create a mount-point (directory to connect /dev/dva3 partition to):<br><b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">mkdir /archive</span></code></b>

# Use the '''ls''' command to view the contents of the /archive directory. What do you see?

# Issue the '''mount''' command (without arguments) to confirm it has been mounted.

<ol><li value="8">View the contents of the file-system table '''/etc/fstab''' by issuing the following command:<br><b><code><span style="color:#3366CC;font-size:1.2em;">cat /etc/fstab</span></code></b></li>

<li>'''Reboot''' your centos2 VM so see if the /archive directory is automatically mounted.<br><br>'''Note:''' You could have also issued the command: '''mount -a''' to <u>automatically</u> mount the file-systems contained in the '''/etc/fstab''' file without booting the VM (good for testing before trying a reboot).<br><br></li>

</ol>

'''Answer the INVESTIGATION 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''

= LAB 5 SIGN-OFF (SHOW INSTRUCTOR) =

# Make certain that your '''c7host''' and '''centos2''' VMs are running.

# Open a shell terminal, '''su -''' into root, and change to the '''/root/bin''' directory., open a shell terminal

# Give the '''lab5-check.bash''' file execute permissions (for the file owner).

# Run the shell script and if any warnings, make fixes and re-run shell script until you receive "congratulations" message.

#Arrange proof of the following on the screen:<br><blockquote><span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> '''centos2''' VM:<blockquote><ul><li>Output from '''ssm list''' command.</li><li>Proof that '''/archive''' has been mounted</li></ul></blockquote><span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> '''c7host''' Machine:<blockquote><ul><li>Proof of creation of the shell script: '''monitor-disk-space.bash'''</li><li>Crontab entry for '''root''' account</li><li>Run the '''lab5-check.bash''' script in front of your instructor (must have all <b><code><span style="color:#66cc00;border:thin solid black;font-size:1.2em;">&nbsp;OK&nbsp;</span></code></b> messages)</li></ul></blockquote><span style="color:green;font-size:1.5em;">&#x2713;</span> '''Lab5''' log-book filled out.

= Practice For Quizzes, Tests, Midterm &amp; Final Exam =

[[Category:OPS235]]

[[Category:OPS235 Labs]]