== Objectives ==* Format, mount, {{Admon/caution|THIS IS AN OLD VERSION OF THE LAB|'''This is an archived version. Do not use, and unmount ext2, ext3, and vfat filesystems on USB flash drivesthis in your OPS235 course.* Create filesystems on various storage devices'''}}

=Fedora 17 Installation (on Main Host - f17host)= Reference ==* [http://linuxmanpages.com/ man pages] for cp, mount, umount, fdisk, mkdir, file, mke2fs, mkfs, dumpe2fs* Online reading material for weeks 1 and 2.

== Instructions Introduction==# Set your computer's drive selector switch to external, then power up the computer.# Insert the Fedora Live CD into the CD/DVD drive.# Reboot the system.# The boot process is completed when you see the GDM Login Screen. Click on "Automatic Login" to login as the "Live System User".# We are going to start by opening a terminal window to access our shell environment. Click on Applications --> System Tools --> Terminal to start the terminal.# At the top of the terminal window, you should see the command prompt similar to [liveuser@localhost ~]$ This prompt indicates that it is ready to take your command. The program that is running is called a shell.# At the command prompt, enter the command whoami (all in one word) and press return. This command shows the so-called User Name. Make notes of this user name.# At the command prompt, enter the command pwd and press return. This command shows the so-called present working directory or current working directory. Record the present working directory of the shell running on the terminal window. As we have not yet changed directories this should also be your users home directory. (Also indicated by the ~ character in the prompt)

{{Admon/important|Using Superuser Privilege|Throughout :* In this courselab, you may need are going to execute commands using install the privileges of the the administrative user Fedora (username "root", also called the "superuser"GNU/Linux Distribution). To switch to your removable hard disk from your account to the root account, type the command: <code>su -</code>burned DVD.

After switching user notice and make note of the change :* Although this will be a simple install, this Fedora Operating System will be a platform for other Virtual Machine Fedora installations (in your shell promptfuture labs). Also note Therefore, it is very important that you take the difference in output for the <code>whoami</code> time to carefully read and perform ALL steps, and <code>pwd</code> commandstake time to check your work.

Whenever this is required:* After performing the Fedora17 DVD installation, make a note of ityou will collect baseline information about your Fedora GNU/Linux system, and determine why superuser privilege is requiredperform some post installation configuration to prepare your system for the remainder of the labs.

When ==Objectives== # Perform a GNU/Linux installation using the Fedora 17 distribution# Investigate information during and after the Fedora 17 installation# Perform an update after a recent installation ==Required Materials (Bring to All Labs)== * Fedora 17 LIVE CD* Fedora 17 x86_64 Installation DVD* SATA Hard Disk (in removable disk tray)* USB Memory Stick* Lab Logbook ==Prerequisites== * None (First Lab) ==Linux Command Online Reference== Each Link below displays online manpages for each command (via [http://linuxmanpages.com/ http://linuxmanpages.com]): {|width="100%" cellpadding="5" width="50%"|'''Utilities:'''|- valign="top"|:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/rpm.8.php rpm]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/hostname.1.php hostname]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/uname.1.php uname]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/ps.1.php ps]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/ifconfig.8.php ifconfig]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/netstat.8.php netstat]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man8/route.8.php route]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/nslookup.1.php nslookup]:* [http://linuxmanpages.com/man1/wc.1.php wc]|} Normally you would read man pages on the machine you are finished 're working on using the root account type exit man command, for example '''man rpm''' will show you the manual page for the rpm command. ==Resources on the web==Additional links to return tutorials and HOWTOs::* [http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/17/html/Installation_Guide/ Fedora 17 Installation Guide] =Performing Lab 1= ==Investigation 1: How to Perform a Fedora DVD Install on Your Removable Hard Drive == === Part 1: Simple Things === # Insert your '''removable SATA hard disk''' into the drive tray.# Set your previous accountcomputer's drive selector switch to '''external''' (a.k.a ''position #4'').# Power up the computer and insert the '''Fedora 17 Installation DVD''' into the CD/DVD drive.# Wait until the Fedora DVD boots (could take a few moments). {{Admon/important|Boot-up Issues (Fedora17) in Seneca's Computer labs|If for some reason, the Fedora17 Installation DVD does not boot: :* Restart the computer, and '''press the function key F10 to specify the device to boot''' (eg. DVD drive). Avoid using :* If the superuser account unless absolutely necessaryuser is prompted for a password, because '''simply press ENTER''' (without typing any password) at the password prompt.:* Choose the superuser account has unlimited privilege DVD drive from the list of devices avalable for boot.:* You will need to perform this technique to ensure that Fedora boots from the hard drive (in future labs).:* If you have tried this technique, and the Fedora Installation DVD does not boot, you may have to burn a typo can destroy your systemnew Fedora Installation DVD.|

<ol> <li value="5">Note the time at the beginning of your installation.</li> <li>When the Fedora17 Installation DVD boots, it will prompt the user to test the media (i.e. DVD) for integrity. Since time is limited for installation in the lab, select '''SKIP'''. On the other hand, if the install did not work, then you can test out the integrity of the DVD in the computer lab during your spare time.</li> <li>Select the default language ('''English''') in the next install screen, and click '''Next'''.</li> <li>Select the default '''keyboard layout''' and '''Basic Storage Devices''' in the following installation screens.</li> <li>Set your hostname (name of the computer) to <big>'''f17host'''</big> (one word, no space, all lowercase).</li> <li>Set your time zone to '''Toronto'''. Note that the system (BIOS) clock is set to local time, not UTC.</li> <li>Root Password: enter a password of your own choosing. Pick one that is hard to guess to protect your system. (Recommendation: use the first letter and all the punctuation from a favorite phrase or song verse. For example, "To be or not to be, that is the question!" could become the password "Tbontb,titq!").</li> </ol> === Part 2: Partitioning === {{Admon/notetip |You're supposed to use this hard drive only for this course|Disabling But if you really need to use it for two courses, and the professor for the other (probably windows) course will allow it - ask your professor for help with partitioning.}} <ol> <li>If you get a warning with something like "This device may contain data" - it's probably your new hard drive and you can safely use it.</li> <li>Select '''Create Custom Layout''', we don't want to use the AutoFedora default setup now.</li> <li>On your drive you will need at least the following partitions. These may be primary partitions or logical drives. If you have more space than 250GB available -mounting you can add the extra space in equal parts to /home and /var/lib/libvirt/images</li> <ul><li>'''20GB''' for '''/''' (i.e. "root")</li> <li>'''30GB''' for /home</li> <li>'''8GB''' for '''swap''' (Note: "swap" must be selected from the drop down menu)</li> <li>'''100GB''' for '''/var/lib/libvirt/images'''</li></ul> <li>Record briefly in your lab logbook what partitions you created of Devices|At what size and what device names were assigned to them (/dev/sda1, etc.).</li></ol> === Part 3: Completing Installation === <ol> <li>Select in the next screen the '''Graphical Desktop''' applications, and in the additional repositories section (at the bottom) accept the default settings, then proceed. You may look at what's available if you choose "Customize now" but you don't need to customize the software installed at this point .</li> <li>Add in your lab logbook a brief description of the term "software repository" and what its major purpose serves (what you think it does). We will not add any existing repositories since we are not currently connected to the Internet. Therefore, we will customize the repositories later.</li> <li>'''Proceed with the installation. This may take some time'''. Record in your lab log-book the <u>general</u> steps in the installation process (displayed in the dialog box).</li> <li>When installation is complete, a screen will confirm completion, and ask the user to remove the DVD, and reboot the computer. Write in your lab log-book the time it took to perform this DVD Fedora install.</li> <li>Remove the Fedora Installation DVD, and click '''Reboot'''.</li>  <li>When the system starts, set or accept the time and date default.</li> <li>Create a user account for yourself using the same user ID as your learn account, and create a suitable password.</li> <li>Normally, you would want to enable '''Network Time Protocol''', but since we will be experimenting with the networking turned off in later labs, '''leave it disabled'''.</li> <li> Click on '''Do Not Send Hardware Profile'''.</li> <li>Finish the post-installation customization, wait for the login screen to appear, and then login to your computer account and your created (i.e. your name).</li> <li>Proceed to Investigation 2</li> </ol> '''Answer the Investigation 1 observations / questions in your lab log book.''' ==Investigation 2: How many file packages and files are installed on the system?== '''For the rest of the tasks in this lab, you must login to your installed Fedora system using your Learn account, open a terminal and execute the following listed Linux commands to obtain information for your lab-logbook''' (lab1). If you get a Permission Denied message when trying to execute a command, then switch to the '''superuser''' account by running the command '''su -''' and type in your password for "root" (since you are the main administrator for your Fedora system). Once the intended command is executed, type "exit" to exit from the superuser account and return to your regular Learn account.  {{Admon/important|Using Superuser Privilege|Throughout this course, you may need to disable execute commands using the privileges of the the administrative user (username "root", also called the "superuser"). To switch from your account to the root account, type the command: <code>su</code> After switching user notice and make note of the change in your shell prompt. Also note the difference in output for the <code>whoami</code> and<code>pwd</code> commands. '''Whenever this is required, make a note of it, and determine why superuser privilege is required.''' When you are finished using the root account type exit to return to your previous account. '''Avoid using the superuser account unless absolutely necessary, because the superuser account has unlimited privilege and a typo can destroy your system.''' In some documentation, you may see the command <code>su -</code> used in place of <code>su</code>. The dash argument causes <code>su</code> to go through the steps that would normally be performed when the root user logs in, including (1) running the startup scripts (such as<code>/etc/profile</code> and <code>/root/.bash_profile</code> and (2) changing to the root user's home directory (<code>/root</code>). Note that the root user's home directory (<code>/root</code>) is ''not'' the ability same as the root directory of the system (<code>/</code>). It is also in a different directory than the rest of the home directories, which are typically in <code>/home</code> -- the reason for our linux this is that <code>/home</code> is sometimes on a network filesystem shared by another server (as is the case on Matrix), and it's important that the system administrator be able to log in to the system even if the network is not operating normally.}}  Navigate through your Graphical Fedora system, '''locate and run a terminal program (in order to issue Linux commands). Issue and record the commands used and the output generated in each of the following steps:''' # The name of the installation log file is <code>'''/root/install.log'''</code> -- It is an ASCII file (how can you be sure?) which can be viewed with the <code>'''less'''</code> command. # You can make use of this file to determine how many packages have been installed: complete the following command to count the number of packages that are labelled "Installing" in the installation log file::: <code>'''grep ________________ /root/install.log | wc -l'''</code><ol> <li value="3">Using the <code>rpm</code> command: you can also use the following commands to automatically detect list all the installed packages, and the total number of packages installed:</li></ol>:: <code>'''rpm -q -a'''</code>:: <code>'''rpm -q -a | wc -l'''</code>:: <code>'''rpm -qa | wc -l'''</code><ol> <li value="4">The <code>'''-q'''</code> option means query, and mount removeable mediathe <code>'''-a'''</code> option means all (in other words, query all installed software packages). Did you get the same number of packages from the above two methods?</li> <li>Some of the files on your system were installed with the software packages, and some were created by system activity (for example, by creating your Learn account and by logging in). If you know the package name (from the <code>install. log</code>), you can list all the files that were installed from the package by using the following command:</li></ol>:: <code>'''rpm -q -l package_name'''</code><br />(where '''package_name''' represents the name of the ''application'' or ''package'')<ol> <li value="6">This would interfere combines the <code>'''-q'''</code> (query) option with the learning objectives <code>'''-l'''</code> (list filenames) option</li> <li>You can pipe the outupt through <code>'''wc -l'''</code> to count the number of lines:</li></ol>:: <code>'''rpm -ql package_name| wc -l'''</code><ol> <li value="8">Using what you learned in steps 3, 4, and 7, get a count of the rest total number of files installed by all of the labsoftware packages on your system. </li><li>To find out the name that you have assigned to your Linux system, enter the command: <code>'''hostname'''</code></li><li>To find out the kernel version of your GNU/Linux workstation and the date it was created, enter the command: <code>'''uname -rv'''</code></li><li>To do this find out all the system processes running on your GNU/Linux workstation, enter the command: <code>'''ps -ef'''</code></li><li>To capture the list of all the system processes to a file called <code>'''ps.lst'''</code>, enter the command: <code>pkill hald'''ps -ef > ps.lst'''''</code></li></ol> {{Admon/important|Pathname for USB Stick|The procedure has changed to refer to the usb device for distributions prior to Fedora17 (eg. /media/usb-device-name). For Fedora17, the new device pathname is:<br /><b>/run/media/userloginid/usb-device-name</b> .<br /><br />Note: You can press the <b>tab</b> key to guess what the userloginname/usb-device-name is...}} <ol><li value="13">Copy the installation log file <code>'''/root/install.log'''</code>and the file '''ps. lst'''to a USB memory key, or '''scp''' to your matrix account as a backup.</li></ol> {{Admon/tip |Backup up to your USB Key|When your USB key is inserted into your computer, the device is recognised and assigned a name. You will need can view your USB drive by issuing the command <code>ls /run/media/yourusername</code> and view the mounted devices. Then you can issue a Linux command as "super-user" to copy the files to your USB device.}}<ol><li value="14">View the section below to learn about and perform an update on your fresh Fedora install (you may have to find spare time to do perform this again install if you reboot during this are running short on lab time). '''Do <u>not</u> proceed to Investigation 3 without performing an update'''.</li></ol> {{Admon/tip |Consider Remaining Lab Time Prior to Performing Upgrade|'''Carefully check the remaining time in your labprior to performing an upgrade on the operating system'''. It can take 30 - 90 minutes to perform an upgrade...}}  {{Admon/tip |Updating Fedora|The Fedora software is updated frequently to add features, fix bugs, and upgrade security. '''Perform a system update to get the latest versions of the packages installed in Fedora: Start the Firefox web browser, turn off popup window blocking (select ''Edit>Preferences'', then select the Content tab and uncheck the box to Block Popups), then login to SeneNET.Open a terminal and type <code>su</code> to start a shell as root. Enter the command <code>yum update</code>'''This will download and install all of the packages that have been updated since the installation DVD image was created. If you complete this command at Seneca it should run quite fast as Seneca College hosts a Fedora Repository mirror (a copy of all of the current fedora packages, on a local web server).}} '''Answer the Investigation 2 observations / questions in your lab log book.''' == Investigation 3: What is the network configuration? == 

=== Investigation 1: How does {{Admon/tip |Rusty Issuing Linux commands since ULI101?|To be an effective Linux enable administrator, you need to access two different drives without using become comfortable on issuing Linux commands in a drive designator? ===# Type the command mount. Describe the output of the command in your lab log. What do the fields of data represent? Use the man page for the mount command shell, and google searches use resources to quickly learn how to find this information# Insert your USB flash drive into a USB port on the computerproperly formulate Linux commands.# Because we have turned off the automatic mounting feature nothing will happen. In order to access the file system on this storage device we must mount it on to our existing file/directory structure.# To mount a device we must first create a mount point to mount it on. Create a new directory called <codebr />/media/usb<br /code> You can run the following online tutorials to practice (refresh) issuing Linux commands. These steps should be done as tutorials were designed for another course called "rootOPS435")# Next we need to , but you can still use them for practice. Simply open a shell, SSH into the mount command to mount the deviceMatrix server (eg. ssh yourusername@matrix.senecac.on. Try typing ca) and run the following command: <code>mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/usb</code>. This command contains 3 important pieces of information 4 tutorials (command argumentsyou can copy and paste these separate pathnames and run like a program):#* <codebr />-t vfat<br /code> tells the mount command to mount it as a FAT filesystem. (Most likely choice for a USB flash drive)#* <code>'''/devhome/sdb1<ops435/code> tells the mount command which device to mount. (If this didn't work try <code>tutorials/dev/sdc1tutorial1<br /code> or <code>/dev/sda1<home/code>)#* <code>ops435/mediatutorials/usbtutorial2<br /code> tells the mount command where to mount the device (the "mount point")# Type the command mount and compare the output with the output from step 9. Record what has changed.# What file system type is the USB device mounted as? Where was it mounted? What is the device name?# Create a file in the directory /mediahome/usbops435/ by redirecing the output of the cal command: cal >tutorials/mediatutorial3<br /usb>/month# Display a detailed listing of the directory where the device is mounted and record the output: ls -l home/media/usb# Type the command umount ops435/mediatutorials/usb vi-- What happened to the contents of the tutorial'''<br /media><br /usb directory? Compare results with step 17.# Type the command mount and observe >You can also refer to the output. What is different from step 14? Why?# Make a new mount point section above called /media/usb2 Mount your usb flash drive on '''Linux Command Online Reference''' to see how use use the new mount point.# Display a detailed listing of following Linux commands to obtain the new mount point againrequired information. Is your file there?}}

Answer # To check the Investigation 1 question: How does Linux enable you to access two different drives without using a drive designator? (Write network configuration settings obtained from the DHCP server, run the following commands, describing the answer output in your lab log book:#* '''ifconfig'''#* '''route'''#* '''nslookup''' (at the > prompt, enter the word "server" (do not type the quotes) and record the output. Type exit to leave nslookup).<br /><br /># Find the following information in the output of the above commands:#* '''MAC address''' (physical or hardware address) of the ethernet network interface#* '''Subnet mask'''#* '''The IP address''' (logical address) assigned by the DHCP server#* '''The default route''' (gateway)#* '''The DNS nameserver'''

=== '''Answer the Investigation 2: How do you create a vfat or ext2 filesystem? ===3 observations / questions in your lab log book.'''

Answer {{Admon/important|SELinux|SELinux stands for '''Security-Enhanced Linux'''. It is a component that helps to better secure the Investigation 2 questionsystem to protect against intrusion (hackers). Usually, SELinux is enabled upon the default install of Fedora. SELinux can be a good thing, if you take care of it and are aware that it is enabled or disabled. It is recommended that you '''disable SELinux by default''' for this course, since you will be communicating with other virtual machines and can cause machines NOT to communicate.}}

=== Final Task - Copy some files from your system # Disabling SELinux on Fedora is actually quite simple, just edit the file '''/etc/selinux/config''' and change the following line to a USB flash drive in Fedora Linux ==look like this:#* SELINUX=disabled

Task: Reformat your USB flash drive as an ext2 filesystem with a volume label of "LAB1" and copy = Completing the files /etc/services, /etc/issue and /etc/networks to it. Mount your flash drive on /media/lab-one and show it to your Professor along with your detailed lab notes.Lab =

=== Completing '''Check off the Lab ===following items before asking your instructor to check your lab:'''

# USB Formatted as ext2 ( ) # Volume Label is "LAB1" ( ) # USB Mounted '''Arrange evidence for each of these items on <code>/media/lab-one</code> ( ) # Following files on USB services, issueyour screen, networks ( ) # Instructor satisfied with complete then ask your instructor to review them and detailed sign off on the lab notes ( )'s completion:'''

== Preparing * Can login with your "learn" account name* Has the package count* Has correct size partitions for ::* '''root /''' (20GB), '''/home''' (30GB), '''swap''' (8GB):* '''/var/lib/libvirt/images''' (100GB):* Hint: Can issue '''lsblk''' (listblock command)* Has the correct IP address and MAC address* Find out the default route (gateway)* IP of the Quizzes ==DNS name server* Name and contact information on your disk pack* Lag Logbook (lab1) notes filled-in.

The online readings linked on the course web page contain some useful information about Free and Open Source Software. Use them and Internet searches to answer the following questions to help you prepare = Preparing for the quizzes:Quizzes =

# Who is Linus TorvaldsHow many packages were installed?# How many files (correct to the nearest hundred) were installed?# How many users were created automatically on your system (do not count your learn account)?# Name 3 open source software projects widely used todayWhat is your learn account's UID and GID?# What license agreement does GNU/Linux useis your learn account's home directory?# What are is the home directory for the 4 basic software freedoms that define user "Free Softwareroot"?# Who makes up How do you determine the Fedora Communityhost name of your GNU/Linux workstation?# Name 4 other significant Linux "Distros"What command can display the NIC's MAC address?