[[Category:{{Admon/caution|THIS IS AN OLD VERSION OF THE ASSIGNMENT|'''This is an archived version. Do not use this in your OPS235]]course.'''}}= OPS235 Assignment 2 =
{{Admon/note|Assignment Material May Appear on Tests and Exam|Doing your assignment is part '''Weight:''' 5% of your ongoing learning process. As such you will be tested on this material in future tests and exams. If you have any questions or need help, please consult your instructor in a timely manner. The due date for this assignment will not be extended. As it must be marked in class.This assignment will be marked partially through demonstration and partially through the submission of files.}}overall grade
= OPS235 Assignment #2 -- Winter 2011='''Due Date:''' Week 13 <br />Refer to your instructor for submission instructions
Weight: 5% of the overall grade
Due Date: Week 13 - week of April 11 ('''Check with your Professor for exact date'''). {{Admon/important|It is YOUR responsibility to Backup Your Configuration Filesyour centos3 VM for this Assignment!|Before making any changes You are required to frequently backup your system configuration, backup VM prior to exiting a work session during this assignment. Your instructor will NOT accept the original fact that your hard disk crashed and lost all of your work. If you properly backed up your VM images and xml configuration files into the <code>/backups</code> directoryto a USB, then you can purchase a new hard-disk or wipe and use <code>git</code> to manage recreate your hard disk and restore your changeVMs.}}<br>
== Introduction and Purpose ==
In this assignment, you will demonstrate the skills you have learned to this point by configuring two services: a '''database server ''' and a '''web server'''. You will install and use a database-backed web application, MediaWiki'''Wordpress''', to show that these services have been installed properly. Finally, you You will also configure the SELinux security system and the web server to serve files in the <code>public_html</code> subdirectory of each user's home directory, including a short web script. In this assignment, you will attempt to maintain a high level of security, by using SELinux and the iptables firewall to guard against unauthorized access. This lab may be performed using any combination of your virtual machines and/or host disk pack. == About SELinux == SELinux stands for ''Security Enhanced Linux'' and is based on research performed at NSA and other locations. Where the normal Unix/Linux security system, based upon file permissions, is a ''discretionary access control'' system (DAC), SELinux is a ''mandatory access control'' security system (MAC). This means that it attempts to enforce a consistent policy across the entire system, on top of further enhance the settings that any user has configured. SELinux decisions are based on the ''security context'' of your computer system resources such as files and processes. The security context consists of a user, role, type, and sensitivity component; you can see the security context of files and processes by adding the <code>-Z</code> option to the <code>ls</code> and <code>ps</code> commands: $ ls -lZ drwxr-xr-x. root root '''system_u:object_r:file_t:s0''' arm drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' arm2 drwxrwxr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' bin drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Desktop drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Documents drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Downloads -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora0.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora1.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora2.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora3.ks -rw-rw-r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' foo -rw-r--r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' hosts drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Music drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Pictures drwxrwxr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' play drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Public drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Templates drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Videos -rw-r--r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' x [chris@muskoka ~]$ ps -Z LABEL PID TTY TIME CMD '''unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023''' 2595 pts/1 00:00:00 bash '''unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023''' 2612 pts/1 00:00:00 ps The SELinux policy controls the interactions between security contexts. For example, the policy may specify that the Apache httpd webserver cannot read files in <code>/etc</code>, so if an attacker finds a way to make httpd (or a script run by httpd) read a file in <code>/etc</code>, SELinux will recognize that this is not normal and will deny the access. Since this is done at the kernel level, httpd will get a "file not found" error, even though the file is present, and there is no way for httpd to work around that error. === SELinux Context Commands === There are two main commands used to set the SELinux security context of files:# chcon - sets the security context of a file to a particular value#* Example: setting the ''type'' of a file: <code>chcon -t ''unconfined_t'' ''/tmp/foo''</code>#* Example: setting the user/role/type of a file: <code>chcon ''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t'' ''~/foo''</code># restorecon - resets the default security context of a file#* Example: reset the context of one file: <code>restorecon /etc/services</code>#* Example: recursively reset the contexts of all of the files in a directory: <code>restorecon -R ~</code> You can reset the default security context of the entire system at the next boot with this command:
touch /'''NOTE: Do this assignment inside the centos3 virtual machine.autorelabel'''
=== SELinux Booleans =Installing Packages==
SELinux policy can be tuned (without writing an entirely new policy) through the use of <u>Install these packages using ''booleansyum'' or option switches. Each boolean can have a value of on (1) or off (0).</u>
The <code>getsebool</code> and <code>setsebool</code> commands can be used to view and set SELinux boolean values: {|class="mediawiki sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0"!Command!Description|-|<code>getsebool -a</code>|Displays all SELinux booleans|-|<code>getsebool ''foo* ''</code>|Displays the SELinux boolean 'httpd'foo''|-this is the Apache web server software.|<code>setsebool * ''foo'php' ''value''</code>|Sets - this is the SELinux boolean ''foo'' PHP server software, which allows Apache to run more complex websites.* ''value'php-mysql' (where ''value'' - this is 0 or "off", or 1 or "on")|}a PHP extension that allows PHP to use a MySQL server.
=== SELinux Graphical Tools ===<u>Install the '''mysql-server''' (MySQL database server) package</u>
The ''system-config-selinux'NOTE:' tool, which is on '' This package may not be in the menu as System>Adminstration>SELinux Management, provides main repository. There a GUI for managing SELinux booleans and more.couple of options:
:*'''Preferred method:''' Use an alternative package (for example: '''mariadb''' and '''mariadb-server''')
:*Download a "zipped tar-ball" from a website (google-search), decompress, and compile
{{Admon/note|Takes Notes!|Take detailed notes of the steps you perform from this point onward -- you will need them for the wiki pages you will create later.}}== Configuring Apache ==
== Installing Packages ==# Start the httpd service using '''systemctl'''.# Ensure that the httpd service starts automatically during boot.# Confirm that you can connect to your web server using a web browser -- both from centos3 (you can test using '''links''') as well as from the host. You should see the Apache Test Page.# If you can't connect to it from outside the machine - perhaps your firewall is blocking access to the web server.
Install these packages using ''yum'':* '''httpd''' - this is the Apache web server software. It provides the '''httpd''' service, which runs on port 80.* '''php''' - this is the PHP server software. It provides the '''php''' capabilities to the web server and wiki.* '''mysql-server''' - this is the == Configuring MySQL database server. It provides the '''mysqld''' service, which runs on a Unix domain socket and TCP port 3306 by default.* '''mediawiki''' - this is the wiki software used by this wiki, Wikipedia, and many other sites. It is a series of PHP scripts which are run by Apache httpd as requests are received, and it connects to a database such as MySQL locally or on other servers.==
== Configuring Services ==# Start the MySQL service (mysqld or mariadb) using '''systemctl'''.# Ensure that the mysqld/mariadb service starts automatically during boot.# You may get messages after starting the MySQL service for the first time. Do not ignore these messages, it will tell you how to set a password and take other basic steps to secure the the MySQL server. Follow those instructions to set a password, recording the detail of what you do for later use.#* If you do not see any messages, research how you can secure the MySQL installation and set the MySQL-root password.#* Read those messages carefully, you are setting up a production MySQL server and there shouldn't be any "test" databases or anonymous users or users without a password.# Set your MySQL root password to your learn ID (without the @senecac.on.ca part).# This following part is challenging so take your time and read the instructions to make sure you do it properly, we have to set up a dedicated user and database for wordpress:## Start by looking at http://codex.wordpress.org/Installing_WordPress#Using_the_MySQL_Client where you will find instructions for the setup.## You will need to run those commands in a centos3 terminal.## Your adminusername is root## Your databasename is myblog## Your wordpressusername is your learn ID## The password should also be your learn ID## Your hostname is localhost
=== Apache httpd =Installing and Configuring Wordpress ==
# Start the httpd service using the '''service''' command.# Confirm that you can connect to your web server using a Wordpress (like most web browser -- both from the machine on which the server applications) is running as well as from another machine on not available in the same network. You should see a test page.# Configure this software to start when the system is booted.# Create a very simple HTML index page for your systemFedora repositories, it must be downloaded and place it at <code> /var/www/html/index.html </code># Confirm that you can view the index pageinstalled manually. If not, adjust your iptables configuration as necessary, or check for errors in <code>/var/log/httpd</code>
=== MySQL === # Start Download the MySQL service latest .tar.gz version from wodpress.org into your centos3 (mysqlduse wget).# Extract it into '''When started for the first time, this service will print a message telling you how to set a password and take other basic steps to secure the the MySQL server./var/www/html''' Follow those instructions # Now we need to allow Apache to set a password, recording modify the detail of what you wordpress installation. To do for later this use.# Configure this software chown -R to start when make the system is booted. === MediaWiki === # Edit MediaWiki's httpd configuration owner and group of every file, <code>/etc/httpd/conf.d/mediawikiand directory inside wordpress "apache".conf</code>#* Uncomment the first two <code>Alias</code> lines#* Reload the httpd configuration using the <code>service</code> command# Access <code>Check your work so far by pointing your web browser to http://localhostcentos3/wiki<wordpress/code> on the machine on which the web server is running (this where you will not work if done remotely, unless you use get an ssh tunnel so that the access appears error starting with "There doesn't seem to be coming from the local host)a wp-config. You will see the MediaWiki welcome page; click on the setup link.# Enter the setup information for your wiki:php file"#* Enter a name for Copy the wiki#* Enter your learn ewp-mail address as the contact information#* Disable all econfig-mail features#* Leave the database host as "localhost"#* Set up a database password#* Get MediaWiki sample.php file to set up the superuser account by checking the appropriate box wp-config.php and entering edit the superuser password ('''Notenew file:''' This is the database superuser password, NOT the root password).# Click * Change the "Install MediaWiki!" button.# Once the setup is completeDB_NAME, DB_USER, you will need DB_PASSWORD to move a file within the MediaWiki directory (inside <code>/var/www</code>). Refer to the directions in the confirmation web pageappropriate values. When you are done, you should be able to # Now go back to <code>http://'''hostname'''centos3/wiki<wordpress/code> from any directly-connected machineyou should see a Wordpress Welcome/Setup page. === Serving Personal Web Pages === # Configure httpd to serve * Set the <code>~/public_html</code> directories of your users. This will require changes title to <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpdYour Name's Blog.conf</code> as well as the SELinux configuration. See the man page For example for <code>httpd_selinux</code> and the Apache [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ httpd documentation] for details.# Prove that this works by creating a page in your <code>~/public_html</code> directory. The URL will me it would be <code>http://"Andrew Smith''hostname''/~''your-user-id''/</code>s Blog"# Create a short web script which displays * Set the available disk space on the computerpassword to your learn ID. At its most basic level, a web script is the same as a regular script, with this additional requirement:#* It must output Set the line "Content-type: text/plain" or "Content-type: text/html" (depending on whether the script output is plain text or HTML), followed by a blank line.# Name the script <code>~/public_html/diskfree.cgi</code> - The URL will be <code>http://''hostname''/~''email to your-user-id''/diskfreeSeneca email address.cgi</code># Configure httpd and SELinux to allow your script to be run from the web. This will require changes to <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> as well as the SELinux configuration (possibly including both booleans and SELinux context). As with step 1* Click "Install Wordpress", you should see the man page for <code>httpd_selinux</code> and the Apache [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ httpd documentation] for details. {{Admon/tip|Hint|Look for an a "add-handlerSuccess!" line in your httpd.conf filemessage.}}
== Write-up ==
Create Write a high-quality write-up of this assignment blog post on your wiki. '''Describe in detail exactly what you did to set up each component'''. Include at least these pagesnew blog explaining:# A main page, describing in general terms what you did and containing links to the other wiki pages, as well as a link to the page and the script in your <code>~/public_html</code> directory.# A page for your httpd configuration. Along with a description* What is Apache, include the exact text of your httpd.conf file.# A page for your MySQL configuration. Along with a descriptionPHP, include the details of the steps you performed to set up MySQL.# A page for your SELinux configuration. Along with a description, include a list of all of your booleans and their current settings. Show that the configuration is as tight as possible (e.g., don't change booleans unnecessarily)Wordpress.# A page for your MediaWiki configuration. Along with a description, include your MediaWiki configuration file.# A page for your iptables configuration. Show the exact iptables rules that are in effect. Demonstrate that the configuration is as tight as possible * What problems (for example, test access to other services, minor and include the results of those tests in the wiki pagemajor). The easiest way to create new page is to create a link to it from an existing page (such as you ran into during the main page), installation and then follow that linkhow you solved them.
'''Write well and be creativea second post on your blog explaining:'''* Make sure your spelling and grammar are correct (they count!)Are you ready for the exam or not.* Present List the pages attractively, and take advantage of graphics, colour, and fonts as appropriate -- for example, material you may want to highlight are strong on.* List the changes that material you made in the configuration files using '''bold''' print, use outline numbering, divide the pages into easy-to-navigate sections, or use colour to show the <span style="color:orange">commands you typed</span> and <span style="color:green">what the system displayed in response</span>are worried about.* Stick to the important information - avoid including excessive text which doesn't add List any questions or topics you would like me to the content that you are presenting (remember, your professor will be reading hundreds of wiki pages while marking!)address during exam review.
Resources on wiki markup:* [http://en''' Make your posts look professional.wikipediaThat means use good english, headings, bullet or numbered lists, etc.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup Wiki markup] - Wikipedia* [[Sandbox|Sandbox page on this wiki]] - examples
{{Admon/tip|Bonus Opportunity!|Change the default icon in the upper-left corner of your MediaWiki installation to a picture of your choosing. Be sure that you have copyright clearance to use that image (e.g., it is licensed to you, or it is a picture you own).}}== Submitting Your Assignment ==
== Submitting '''Due date:''' Your name will be called in the Assignment ==lab on the due date for the assignment. If you are not there when your name is called - you will lose 20% of your mark. In that case you may show me your submission in the second lab that week instead. Assignments submitted after that will receive a grade of 0, but must still be completed satisfactorily in order to pass the course.
Your professor will require you === Ready to submit this assignment in at least one of two ways:show ===
# Demonstrate that the wiki is working.# Use wget Open one or more terminals in c7host, SSH to harvest centos3 from those terminals, and have the wiki pagesfollowing ready:#* Make sure all The correct RPMs are installed* Output showing firewall has been properly set up* Output of chkconfig --list mysqld* Output of chkconfig --list httpd* MySQL output of the <code><nowiki>http://</nowiki></code>-style links (for the wiki image, the link to diskfree.cfgishow databases; use mysql; select User, and so forth) use the same hostname (don't Password from user; use "localhost" for one and "f13host" for another, for example).myblog; show tables;#* Issue the command: <code>wget Output of ls -prk http:la /var/www/''hostname''html/wiki<wodpress/code> * Output of head -- where ''hostname'' matches the hostname used in the <code><nowiki>http:30 /var/www/<html/nowiki><wodpress/code> links in your wiki pageswp-config.php#* Create Open a compressed tar file containing the results. (name the file <learnid>-a2.tgz)#* Check the tar file to see that it contains everything necessary to view your site (in particular, check that all needed image files are included). Do not edit the files in the tar archive -- if changes are needed, modify your wiki, and then repeat the <code>wget<firefox with http://centos3/code> and <code>tar<wordpress/code> steps above.#* Submit the tar file to your professor in the manner he specifies.
=== Section A - Raymond Chan Rubric ===
* See your professor for submission instructions {| class="wikitable" border="1"! Task !! Maximum mark !! Actual mark|-| Correct packages installed || 1 |||-| Firewall setup properly || 2 |||-| Apache set up and due date.running || 2 |||-| MySQL set up correctly || 3 |||-| Wordpress extracted correctly || 1 |||-| Wordpress set up correctly || 2 |||-| Wordpress showing in Firefox || 1 |||-| Everything ready to show || 2 |||-| First blog post || 3 |||-| Second blog post || 3 |||-| '''Total''' || 20 ||
=== Sections B & C - Brian Gray ===|}
* See your professor for submission instructions and due date. === Sections D, E & F - Murray Saul === * See your professor for submission instructions and due date. === Section G - Chris Tyler === * Submit online through this link[[Category: https://cs.senecac.on.ca/~ctyler/ops235/a2/ by 11:59 pm, Thursday, April 14. == Assessment == * 50% - completion of steps - quality of configuration, iptables and SELinux configuration as tight as possible* 50% - documentation on the wiki - quality of writing, quality of presentation, and accuracy and completeness of information* +5% - bonus for replacing the wiki logoOPS235]]