154
edits
Changes
→This Week
*: Custom Mesh
*:: Create a Mesh
*:: FVF settingsAPIGraphic.h code<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T = Vertex, class I = Index>class APICustomMesh : public iAPIGraphic, public APIBase { unsigned nSubsets; // number of subsets unsigned nPrimitives; // number of primitives unsigned* attribute; // points to mesh's attribute list I* index; // points to mesh's array of indices unsigned iIndex; // number of indices currently saved unsigned nIndices; // number of indices in the mesh T* vertex; // points to mesh's array of vertices unsigned iVertex; // number of vertices currently saved unsigned nVertices; // number of vertices in the mesh LPD3DXMESH apiMesh; // set of vertices, indices protected: virtual ~APICustomMesh(); void setup(); public: APICustomMesh(unsigned*, int, int, int, int); APICustomMesh(const APICustomMesh& v); APICustomMesh& operator=(const APICustomMesh& v); APICustomMesh* clone() const { return new APICustomMesh(*this); } unsigned add(const T& v); void add(unsigned); void draw(unsigned); void suspend(); void release() { suspend(); } void Delete() const { delete this; }};</syntaxhighlight>*:: APIGraphic.cpp - APIGraphic<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>APICustomMesh<T, I>::APICustomMesh(unsigned* a, int np, int ni, int nv, int ns) : nSubsets(ns), nPrimitives(np), nIndices(ni), nVertices(nv), iIndex(0), iVertex(0) { attribute = new unsigned[nPrimitives]; for (unsigned i = 0; i < nPrimitives; i++) attribute[i] = a[i]; index = new I[nIndices]; vertex = new T[nVertices]; apiMesh = nullptr;}</syntaxhighlight>*:: APIGraphic.cpp - add()<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>unsigned APICustomMesh<T, I>::add(const T& v) { unsigned i = iVertex; if (vertex && iVertex < nVertices) vertex[iVertex++] = v; return i;}</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>void APICustomMesh<T, I>::add(unsigned v) { if (index && iIndex < nIndices) index[iIndex++] = v;}</syntaxhighlight>*:: APIGraphic.cpp - setup()<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>void APICustomMesh<T, I>::setup() { T *pv; I *pi; DWORD *pa; nIndices = iIndex; nVertices = iVertex; // create an empty mesh and lock its buffers if (FAILED(D3DXCreateMesh(nPrimitives, nVertices, 0, APIVertexDeclaration<T>::format(), d3dd, &apiMesh))) { error(L"APIMesh::14 Couldn\'t create the empty mesh"); apiMesh = nullptr; } else if (FAILED(apiMesh->LockVertexBuffer(0, (void**)&pv))) { error(L"APIMesh::15 Couldn\'t lock vertex buffer"); release(); } else if (FAILED(apiMesh->LockIndexBuffer(0, (void**)&pi))) { error(L"APIMesh::16 Couldn\'t lock index buffer"); release(); } else if (FAILED(apiMesh->LockAttributeBuffer(0, &pa))) { error(L"APIMesh::17 Couldn\'t lock attribute buffer"); release(); } else { // populate the newly created Vertex Buffer for (unsigned i = 0; i < nVertices; i++) vertex[i].populate((void**)&pv); apiMesh->UnlockVertexBuffer(); // populate the newly created Index Buffer for (unsigned i = 0; i < nIndices; i++) pi[i] = index[i]; apiMesh->UnlockIndexBuffer(); // Populate the newly created Attribute Buffer for (unsigned i = 0; i < nPrimitives; i++) pa[i] = attribute[i]; apiMesh->UnlockAttributeBuffer(); }}</syntaxhighlight>*:: APIGraphic.cpp - DrawSubset()<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>void APICustomMesh<T, I>::draw(unsigned iSubset) { // if mesh doesn't exist, set it up first if (!apiMesh) setup(); if (apiMesh) apiMesh->DrawSubset(iSubset);}</syntaxhighlight>
*::: DrawIndexedPrimitive parameters
*:: APIGraphic.h codecpp - suspend()<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>void APICustomMesh<T, I>::suspend() { // release the interface to the mesh if (apiMesh) { apiMesh->Release(); apiMesh = nullptr; }}</syntaxhighlight>*:: APIGraphic.cpp - ~APIGraphic<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T, class I>APICustomMesh<T, I>::~APICustomMesh() { release(); if (attribute) delete [] attribute; if (index) delete [] index; if (vertex) delete [] vertex;}</syntaxhighlight>
*: X File
*:: Create Mesh from File
* Billboards
*: definition, purpose of a billboard
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void Billboard::render(unsigned) {
Vector h, u, r, p = position();
Camera* camera = *(Camera**)(Camera::getCurrent());
Vector cameraPosition = camera->position();
Vector cameraHeading = ::normal(camera->orientation('z'));
Vector cameraUp = ::normal(camera->orientation('y'));
switch (type) {
// ... see below
}
Matrix rot(r.x, r.y, r.z, 0,
u.x, u.y, u.z, 0,
h.x, h.y, h.z, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1);
orient(rot);
Object::render(0);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
*: types of billboards
*:: screen-aligned - useful for annotation text, lens flares
*::: normal is opposite to camera heading
*::: up is camera->up
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
case SCREEN:
h = cameraHeading; // fixed
u = cameraUp; // up is fixed
r = cross(u, h);
break;
</syntaxhighlight>
*:: axial - useful for cylindrical symmetry - trees (textured object does not face straight on)
*::: up is fixed
*::: normal faces the viewer as much as possible
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
case AXIAL:
h = ::normal(position() - cameraPosition); // heading is open to change
u = Vector(0, 1, 0); // up axis is fixed
r = cross(u, h);
h = cross(u, r);
break;
</syntaxhighlight>
*:: view_plane - no distortion - useful for
*::: normal is fixed (opposite to camera heading)
*::: up is open to change
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
case VIEW_PLANE:
h = cameraHeading; // heading is fixed
u = Vector(0, 1, 0); // up is open to change
r = cross(u, h);
u = cross(h, r);
break;
</syntaxhighlight>
*:: viewpoint - simulates distortion due to perspective projection - useful for clouds
*::: normal is fixed (difference between viewpoint position and camera heading)
*::: up is open to change
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
case VIEWPOINT:
h = ::normal(position() - cameraPosition); // heading is fixed
u = Vector(0, 1, 0); // up is open to change
r = cross(u, h);
u = cross(h, r);
break;
</syntaxhighlight>
*: Object.h and Object.cpp code
* Texture Filtering
*:: texture creation
*:: APITexture::SetSamplerState()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// mipmap filtering
if (flags & TEX_MIPMAP)
d3dd->SetSamplerState(i, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
else
d3dd->SetSamplerState(i, D3DSAMP_MIPFILTER, D3DTEXF_NONE);
</syntaxhighlight>
* DirectX Errors
*: DirectX Utilities - Lookup Tool
*: APIDisplay::restore() example
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
bool APIDisplay::restore() {
bool rc = false;
if (d3dd) {
HRESULT hr;
hr = d3dd->TestCooperativeLevel();
if (hr == D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET)
// reset the APIDisplay device
rc = d3dd->Reset(&d3dpp) == D3D_OK;
else if (hr == S_OK)
rc = true;
}
if (rc) {
// reacquire sprite manager references to video memory
if (manager)
manager->OnResetDevice();
}
// complete the restoration
if (rc) {
setupLighting();
setupBlending();
}
return rc;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
* Vertex Declarations
*: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172559%28v=vs.85%29.aspx FVF Codes]
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <class T = Vertex>class APIVertexDeclaration { static D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 fmt[MAXD3DDECLLENGTH + 1]; static unsigned vertexSize; public: static D3DVERTEXELEMENT9*format() { return fmt; } static unsigned size() { return vertexSize; }};</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">template <>D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 APIVertexDeclaration<Vertex>::fmt[MAXD3DDECLLENGTH + 1] = { { 0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, { 0, 12, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_NORMAL, 0}, { 0, 24, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0}, D3DDECL_END()}; template<>unsigned APIVertexDeclaration<Vertex>::vertexSize = 32;</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp"> template <>D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 APIVertexDeclaration<LitVertex>::fmt[MAXD3DDECLLENGTH + 1] = { { 0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0}, { 0, 12, D3DDECLTYPE_D3DCOLOR, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_COLOR, 0}, D3DDECL_END()}; template <>unsigned APIVertexDeclaration<LitVertex>::vertexSize = 16;</syntaxhighlight>:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172630%28v=vs.85%29.aspx D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 struct]
* The Pipeline
*: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pipeline What is a pipeline]
== Week 6 - Feb 13 ==
=== This Week ===
// shader file data
#define VERTEX_SHADER_FILE L"vertexShader.hlsl"
#define VERTEX_SHADER_ENTRY_POINT "vertexShader"
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIBase.h - pointers into the shader- APIBase is the base class for the graphics API classes<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
static IDirect3DVertexShader9* vertexShader; // vertex shader
static ID3DXConstantTable* uniformVS; // for vertex shader
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIBase.cpp - initialize the shader pointers<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
IDirect3DVertexShader9* APIBase::vertexShader = nullptr; // vertex shader
ID3DXConstantTable* APIBase::uniformVS = nullptr; // for vertex shader
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.h- keeps track of the current projection matrix<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Matrix projection; // projection transformation
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - setup()- checks the shader version<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// points to compiled shader code
LPD3DXBUFFER compiledCodeVS = nullptr;
// check for minimum vertex shader version required
if (caps.VertexShaderVersion < D3DVS_VERSION(2,0))
error(L"DisplayAPIDisplay::09 Device does not support vertex shader 2_0");</presyntaxhighlight>compiles the shader hlsl code, retrieves address of constant memory and vertex shader<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// compile the vertex shader source code
else if (FAILED(D3DXCompileShaderFromFile(VERTEX_SHADER_FILE, NULL,
else {
compiledCodeVS->Release();
</presyntaxhighlight>sets the current vertex shader<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
d3dd->SetVertexShader(vertexShader);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - setProjection()- stores the projection matrix<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
this->projection = *((Matrix*)projection);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - beginDrawFrame()- copies the view matrix and the camera heading to constant memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Matrix& v = *((Matrix*)view);
Matrix viewProjection = v * projection;
// Required for specular lighting calculations
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "heading", (FLOAT*)&heading, 3);
</presyntaxhighlight><presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Colour colour(red, green, blue);
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "ambient", (FLOAT*)&colour, 4);
uniformVS->SetInt(d3dd, "noLights", 4);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - set()- copies the lighting state to constant memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, "lighting", b);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - setWorld()- copies the world matrix to constant memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformVS->SetMatrix(d3dd, "world", (D3DXMATRIX*)world);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - setReflectivity()- copies the reflectivity to constant memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient", (FLOAT*)&r.ambient, 4);
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse", (FLOAT*)&r.diffuse, 4);
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&r.specular, 4);
uniformVS->SetFloat (d3dd, "material.power", (FLOAT)r.power);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - release()- releases constant memory and the vertex shader<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// release the shader COM objects
if (uniformVS) {
vertexShader = nullptr;
}
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - setup()- copies the light properties to constant memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// Populate the vertex shader constant table
//
uniformVS->SetFloat(d3dd, ran, range);
rc = true;
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - turnOn()- repositions the light and turns it on<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
char constantLightOn[] = "lightOn[0]";
constantLightOn[8] = index + '0';
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - update()- repositions the light<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
char constantLightOn[] = "lightOn[0]";
constantLightOn[8] = index + '0';
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - turnOff()- turns off the light<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
char constantLightOn[] = "lightOn[0]";
constantLightOn[8] = index + '0';
uniformVS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, false);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.h - class APIXMesh- processes an X file mesh<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
D3DXCOLOR* ambient;
D3DXCOLOR* diffuse;
D3DXCOLOR* specular;
FLOAT* power;
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - APIXMesh()- constructor<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
ambient = nullptr;
diffuse = nullptr;
specular = nullptr;
power = nullptr;
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - APIXMesh()- copy constructor<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
ambient = nullptr;
diffuse = nullptr;
specular = nullptr;
power = nullptr;
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - operator=()= assignment operator<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
if (ambient)
delete [] ambient;
specular = new D3DXCOLOR[src.nSubsets];
power = new FLOAT[src.nSubsets];
</presyntaxhighlight><presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
for (unsigned i = 0; i < nSubsets; i++) {
ambient[i] = src.ambient[i];
power[i] = src.power[i];
}
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - setup()-<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
ambient = new D3DXCOLOR[nSubsets];
diffuse = new D3DXCOLOR[nSubsets];
specular = new D3DXCOLOR[nSubsets];
power = new FLOAT[nSubsets];
</presyntaxhighlight><presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
ambient[i].r = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse.r * 0.7f;
ambient[i].g = matl[i].MatD3D.Diffuse.g * 0.7f;
specular[i] = matl[i].MatD3D.Specular; // shine from lights
power[i] = matl[i].MatD3D.Power; // 0 if it shouldn't be shiny
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - draw()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient", (FLOAT*)&ambient[i], 4);
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse", (FLOAT*)&diffuse[i], 4);
uniformVS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&specular[i], 4);
uniformVS->SetFloat(d3dd, "material.power", (FLOAT)power[i]);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - suspend()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
if (ambient)
delete [] ambient;
if (power)
delete [] power;
</presyntaxhighlight>** Device:: vertexShader.hlsl - Constant Memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MLIGHTS 4
#define POINT_LIGHT 0
bool litVertex; // omit lighting calculations - already lit
</presyntaxhighlight>:: vertexShader.hlsl - vertexShader()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// vertexShader receives a raw vertex and returns the transformed vertex
//
return transformed;
}
</presyntaxhighlight>* ==== Fragment Shader====:* Host:: APIPlatformSettings.h<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE L"fragmentShader.hlsl"
#define FRAGMENT_SHADER_ENTRY_POINT "fragmentShader"
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIBase.h<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// Fragment Shader Support
static IDirect3DPixelShader9* fragmentShader; // fragment shader
static ID3DXConstantTable* uniformFS; // for fragment shader
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIBase.cpp<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
IDirect3DPixelShader9* APIBase::fragmentShader = nullptr; // fragment shader
ID3DXConstantTable* APIBase::uniformFS = nullptr; // for fragment shader
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - setup()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
LPD3DXBUFFER compiledCodeFS = nullptr;
else if (caps.PixelShaderVersion < D3DPS_VERSION(3,0))
error(L"Display::10 Device does not support pixel shader 3_0");
</presyntaxhighlight><presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// compile the fragment shader source code
else if (FAILED(D3DXCompileShaderFromFile(FRAGMENT_SHADER_FILE, NULL,
else {
compiledCodeFS->Release();
</presyntaxhighlight>:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172732%28v=vs.85%29.aspx D3DXCompileShaderFromFile()]:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172870%28v=vs.85%29.aspx D3DXGetPixelShaderProfile()]:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb174450%28v=vs.85%29.aspx IDirect3DDevice9::CreatePixelShader()]<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
d3dd->SetPixelShader(fragmentShader);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb174450%28v=vs.85%29.aspx IDirect3DDevice9::SetPixelShader()]: APIDisplay.cpp - beginDrawFrame()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Colour colour(red, green, blue);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "ambient", (FLOAT*)&colour, 4);
uniformFS->SetInt(d3dd, "noLights", 4);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205775%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ID3DXConstantTable::SetFloatArray()]:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205776%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ID3DXConstantTable::SetInt()]: APIDisplay.cpp - set()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, "lighting", b);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205771%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ID3DXConstantTable::SetBool()]: APIDisplay.cpp - setReflectivity()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient", (FLOAT*)&r.ambient, 4);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse", (FLOAT*)&r.diffuse, 4);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&r.specular, 4);
uniformFS->SetFloat (d3dd, "material.power", (FLOAT)r.power);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIDisplay.cpp - release()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
}
if (uniformFS) {
fragmentShader = nullptr;
}
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APIGraphic.cpp - APIXMesh::draw()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.ambient", (FLOAT*)&ambient[i], 4);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.diffuse", (FLOAT*)&diffuse[i], 4);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, "material.specular", (FLOAT*)&specular[i], 4);
uniformFS->SetFloat(d3dd, "material.power", (FLOAT)power[i]);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205774%28v=vs.85%29.aspx ID3DXConstantTable::SetFloat()]: APILight.cpp - setup()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetInt(d3dd, typ, type);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, amb, (FLOAT*)&ambient, 4);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, spt, (FLOAT*)&spot, 3);
uniformFS->SetFloat(d3dd, ran, range);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - turnOn()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);
</presyntaxhighlight><presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - update()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, pos, (FLOAT*)&p, 3);
uniformFS->SetFloatArray(d3dd, dir, (FLOAT*)&o, 3);
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, true);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APILight.cpp - turnOff()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, constantLightOn, false);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APITexture.cpp - attach()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
char str[] = "texOn";
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, str, true);
</presyntaxhighlight>:: APITexture.cpp - detach()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
char str[] = "texOn";
uniformFS->SetBool(d3dd, str, false);
</presyntaxhighlight>*Device: vertexShader.hlsl - Constant Memory<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">// Types//// RawVertex holds the original data for a vertex in the stream//struct RawVertex { float3 position : POSITION; // position in local space float3 normal : NORMAL; // normal in local space float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinates}; // TransformedVertex holds the transformed data for the vertex//struct TransformedVertex { float4 position : POSITION; // position in homogeneous clip space float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD; // texture coordinates float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1; // position in world space float3 worldNor : TEXCOORD2; // lighting normal in world space float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD3; // direction to viewer in world space}; // Uniform Data (constant for the stream of vertices)//// Geometryfloat4x4 viewProjection; // view * Deviceprojection transformationfloat4x4 world; // world transformationfloat3 viewPoint; // camera viewpoint for specular calcs// Lit Vertexbool litVertex; // omit lighting calculations - already lit </syntaxhighlight>:vertexShader.hlsl - vertexShader()<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">// vertexShader receives a raw data for a vertex and transforms that data//TransformedVertex vertexShader(RawVertex raw) { TransformedVertex transformed; // result returned by this function float4 worldPosition; // world position of the vertex float3 worldNormal; // vertex normal in world space // Transform the vertex to homogeneous clip coordinates // // A more efficient algorithm would accept the world*view*projection // tranformation as one uniform matrix and avoid the 2-stage product // This will require a bit of restructuring of the application code. // worldPosition = mul(float4(raw.position, 1.0), world); // local to world transformed.position = mul(worldPosition, viewProjection); //... to clip transformed.worldPos = worldPosition.xyz; // Transform the vertex normal to world space. Only the rotation-scaling // part of the world transformation is used. Since the world // transformation may contain scaling, the result of this multiplication // needs to be normalized. // worldNormal = mul(raw.normal, (float3x3)world); worldNormal = normalize(worldNormal); transformed.worldNor = worldNormal; // Determine the direction from the camera's viewpoint to this vertex for // subsequent lighting calculations // transformed.toViewer = normalize(viewPoint - worldPosition.xyz); // pass the texture coordinates along unaltered // transformed.texCoord = raw.texCoord; return transformed;}</syntaxhighlight>: fragmentShader.hlsl - Constant Memory<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MLIGHTS 4
#define MTEXTURES 2
sampler2D tex; // set by the application
</presyntaxhighlight>:: fragmentShader.hlsl - fragmentShader()<presyntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// The fragment shader receives raw fragment data and returns a pixel colour
//
return colour;
}
</presyntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
* reorganize framework code so that vertex shader receives product of world, view, and projection matrices
** store viewProjection matrix as an instance variable in APIDisplay
** pre-multiply viewProjection by world to obtain composite matrix to pass to vertex shader
** add composite matrix to the constant table in the vertex shader
* reorganize framework code to minimize duplication of heading normalization
** perform normalization of heading in APIDisplay::beginDrawFrame()
=== Resources ===
== Week 7 - Feb 20 ==
=== This Week ===
* Effects Framework
** techniques
*: passes
* Source Code
: APIBase.h
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
static ID3DXEffect* effect; // points to effects framework
</syntaxhighlight>
: APIBase.cpp
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
ID3DXEffect* APIBase::effect = nullptr; // effects framework
</syntaxhighlight>
: APIDisplay.h
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// Effects Framework handles
D3DXHANDLE viewProjection; // view * projection
D3DXHANDLE viewPoint; // camera viewpoint
D3DXHANDLE ambient; // global ambient color
D3DXHANDLE ambientHandle; // current ambient reflectivity
D3DXHANDLE diffuseHandle; // current diffuse reflectivity
D3DXHANDLE specularHandle; // current specular reflectivity
D3DXHANDLE powerHandle; // current shininess coefficient
D3DXHANDLE worldHandle; // current world transformation
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void beginEffect(const char*, unsigned&);
void beginPass(unsigned);
void endPass();
void endEffect();
</syntaxhighlight>
: APIDisplay.cpp - APIDisplay()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
viewProjection = nullptr;
viewPoint = nullptr;
ambient = nullptr;
ambientHandle = nullptr;
diffuseHandle = nullptr;
specularHandle = nullptr;
powerHandle = nullptr;
worldHandle = nullptr;
</syntaxhighlight>
: APIDisplay.cpp - setup()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
LPD3DXBUFFER errorBuffer = NULL;
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// create the effects framework
else if (FAILED(D3DXCreateEffectFromFile(d3dd, EFFECT_FILE, 0,
0, D3DXSHADER_DEBUG, 0, &effect, &errorBuffer))) {
release();
error(L"APIDisplay::17 Unable to create the effects framework");
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172768%28v=vs.85%29.aspx D3DXCreateEffectFromFile()]
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
if (errorBuffer) errorBuffer->Release();
viewProjection = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "viewProjection");
viewPoint = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "viewPoint");
ambient = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "ambient");
worldHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "world");
ambientHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "material.ambient");
diffuseHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "material.diffuse");
specularHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "material.specular");
powerHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, "material.power");
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205696%28v=vs.85%29.aspx GetParameterByName()]
: APIDisplay.cpp - beginDrawFrame()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Matrix& v = *((Matrix*)view);
Matrix viewprojection = v * projection;
Vector heading(v.m13, v.m23, v.m33);
effect->SetMatrix(viewProjection, (D3DXMATRIX*)&viewprojection);
effect->SetVector(viewPoint, (D3DXVECTOR4*)&heading);
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205720%28v=vs.85%29.aspx SetMatrix()]
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205729%28v=vs.85%29.aspx SetVector()]
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Colour colour(red, green, blue);
effect->SetVector(ambient, (D3DXVECTOR4*)&colour);
</syntaxhighlight>
: APIDisplay.cpp - beginEffect()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void APIDisplay::beginEffect(const char* technique, unsigned& nPasses) {
D3DXHANDLE techniqueHandle = effect->GetTechniqueByName(technique);
effect->SetTechnique(techniqueHandle);
effect->Begin(&nPasses, 0);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205706%28v=vs.85%29.aspx GetTechniqueByName()]
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205834%28v=vs.85%29.aspx SetTechnique()]
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205815%28v=vs.85%29.aspx Begin()]
: APIDisplay.cpp - beginPass()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void APIDisplay::beginPass(unsigned i) {
effect->BeginPass(i);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205817%28v=vs.85%29.aspx BeginPass()]
: APIDisplay.cpp - endPass()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void APIDisplay::endPass() {
effect->EndPass();
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205823%28v=vs.85%29.aspx EndPass()]
: APIDisplay.cpp - endEffect()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void APIDisplay::endEffect() {
effect->End();
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205821%28v=vs.85%29.aspx End()]
: APIDisplay.cpp - setWorld()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
effect->SetMatrix(worldHandle, (D3DXMATRIX*)world);
</syntaxhighlight>
: APIDisplay.cpp - setReflectivity()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
effect->SetVector(ambientHandle, (D3DXVECTOR4*)&r.ambient);
effect->SetVector(diffuseHandle, (D3DXVECTOR4*)&r.diffuse);
effect->SetVector(specularHandle, (D3DXVECTOR4*)&r.specular);
effect->SetFloat(powerHandle, r.power);
effect->CommitChanges();
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb205819%28v=vs.85%29.aspx CommitChanges()]
: APIDisplay.cpp - release()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
if (effect) {
effect->Release();
effect = NULL;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: effects.fx - Constant Memory
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MLIGHTS 4
#define POINT_LIGHT 0
#define SPOT_LIGHT 1
#define DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT 2
// Types
//
// Light holds the data for a single static light in world space
//
struct Light {
int type; // POINT_LIGHT, SPOT_LIGHT, DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
float3 ambient;
float3 diffuse;
float3 specular;
float3 direction; // in world space
float3 position; // in world space
float3 attenuation; // .xyz for 1.0f/ (.x + .y * d + .z * d * d)
float3 spot; // .x = cos(phi/2), .y = cos(theta/2), .z = falloff
float range; // where attenuation becomes 0
};
// Material holds the reflectivity properties of the material
//
struct Material {
float4 ambient;
float4 diffuse;
float4 specular;
float power;
};
// RawPixel holds the data for a single fragment of the stream
//
struct RawPixel {
float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinate at this fragment
float3 position : TEXCOORD1; // fragment position in world space
float3 normal : TEXCOORD2; // lighting normal in world space
float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD3; // direction to viewer in world space
};
// Uniform Data (constant for a stream of fragments)
//
float4 ambient; // global ambient light - always on
int noLights; // no of static lights
Light light[MLIGHTS]; // static lights
bool lightOn[MLIGHTS]; // light switch
Material material; // material reflectivity
bool texOn; // texture switch
sampler2D tex; // set by the application
// Types
//
// RawVertex holds the original data for a vertex in the stream
//
struct RawVertex {
float3 position : POSITION; // position in local space
float3 normal : NORMAL; // normal in local space
float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinates
};
// TransformedVertex holds the transformed data for the vertex
//
struct TransformedVertex {
float4 position : POSITION; // position in homogeneous clip space
float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD; // texture coordinates
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD1; // position in world space
float3 worldNor : TEXCOORD2; // lighting normal in world space
float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD3; // direction to viewer in world space
};
// Uniform Data (constant for the stream of vertices)
//
// Geometry
float4x4 viewProjection; // view * projection transformation
float4x4 world; // world transformation
float4 viewPoint; // camera viewpoint for specular calcs
// Geometry
float3 heading; // camera heading for specular calcs
// Lit Vertex
bool litVertex; // omit lighting calculations - already lit
</syntaxhighlight>
: effects.fx - VertexShader
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// vertexShader receives a raw data for a vertex and transforms that data
//
TransformedVertex vertexShader(RawVertex raw) {
TransformedVertex transformed; // result returned by this function
float4 worldPosition; // world position of the vertex
float3 worldNormal; // vertex normal in world space
// Transform the vertex to homogeneous clip coordinates
//
// A more efficient algorithm would accept the world*view*projection
// tranformation as one uniform matrix and avoid the 2-stage product
// This will require a bit of restructuring of the application code.
//
worldPosition = mul(float4(raw.position, 1.0), world); // local to world
transformed.position = mul(worldPosition, viewProjection); //... to clip
transformed.worldPos = worldPosition.xyz;
// Transform the vertex normal to world space. Only the rotation-scaling
// part of the world transformation is used. Since the world
// transformation may contain scaling, the result of this multiplication
// needs to be normalized.
//
worldNormal = mul(raw.normal, (float3x3)world);
worldNormal = normalize(worldNormal);
transformed.worldNor = worldNormal;
// Determine the direction from the camera's viewpoint to this vertex for
// subsequent lighting calculations
//
transformed.toViewer = normalize(viewPoint - worldPosition.xyz);
// pass the texture coordinates along unaltered
//
transformed.texCoord = raw.texCoord;
return transformed;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: effects.fx - FragmentShader
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// The fragment shader receives raw fragment data and returns a pixel colour
//
float4 fragmentShader(RawPixel raw) : COLOR {
float4 colour; // result returned by this function
float3 normal; // normal to the fragment
float3 toViewer; // from fragment to the camera
float3 toLightSource; // from fragment to current light source
// lighting contribution accumulators
float3 ambientLight = ambient.xyz;
float3 diffuseLight = (float3)0;
float3 specularLight = (float3)0;
// lighting calculation factors
float diffuseFactor, reflectFactor, distance;
float attenuationFactor, spotFactor, rho;
// normalize the fragment data
normal = normalize(raw.normal);
toViewer = normalize(raw.toViewer);
// perform calculations for each light in turn
for (int i = 0; i < noLights && i < MLIGHTS; i++) {
if (lightOn[i]) {
float diffuseFactor, reflectFactor, factor;
// diffuse and reflection factors
toLightSource = normalize((light[i].type == POINT_LIGHT)?
light[i].position - raw.position : - light[i].direction);
diffuseFactor = saturate(dot(normal, toLightSource));
reflectFactor = saturate(dot(normalize(2 * diffuseFactor *
normal - toLightSource), toViewer));
attenuationFactor = 1.0f;
spotFactor = 1.0f;
if (light[i].type == POINT_LIGHT ||
light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
// detail calcs for attenuationFactor and spotFactor
distance = length(raw.position - light[i].position);
if (distance < light[i].range) {
attenuationFactor = light[i].attenuation.x +
light[i].attenuation.y * distance +
light[i].attenuation.z * distance * distance;
attenuationFactor = 1.0f / attenuationFactor;
if (light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
rho = saturate(dot(normalize(light[i].position -
float3(raw.position.x, raw.position.y,
raw.position.z)),
normalize(-light[i].direction)));
if (rho <= light[i].spot.x)
spotFactor = 0.0f;
else if (rho <= light[i].spot.y)
spotFactor = pow(abs(
(rho - light[i].spot.x)/
(light[i].spot.y - light[i].spot.x)),
light[i].spot.z);
}
}
else
attenuationFactor = 0.0f;
}
// accumulate ambient, diffuse, and specular elements of light
//
ambientLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor *
light[i].ambient.xyz;
diffuseLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor * diffuseFactor *
light[i].diffuse.xyz;
specularLight += attenuationFactor * spotFactor *
light[i].specular.xyz * pow(reflectFactor, material.power);
}
}
// apply material reflectivity to each accumulated element of light
// to obtain the colour of the lit fragment
//
colour.xyz =
saturate(material.ambient.xyz * ambientLight) +
saturate(material.diffuse.xyz * diffuseLight) +
saturate(material.specular.xyz * specularLight);
colour.w = material.diffuse.w;
// apply texture
//
if (texOn)
colour *= tex2D(tex, raw.texcoord);
return colour;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: effects.fx - technique opaque
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
technique opaque {
pass {
VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 vertexShader();
PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 fragmentShader();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: effects.fx - technique translucent
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
technique translucent {
pass {
VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 vertexShader();
PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 fragmentShader();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
=== Resources ===
== Week 8 - Mar 4 ==
=== This Week ===
* Frank Luna's notes for DirectX10 (page 306)
:[http://books.google.ca/books?id=AyACb-t8E-MC&pg=PA306&lpg=PA306#v=onepage&q&f=false Environment Maps](Google books)
:[http://libcat.senecac.on.ca/vwebv/holdingsInfo?searchId=19588&recCount=50&recPointer=2&bibId=261220 Environment Maps](Seneca ELibraray)
* Design.cpp
: Design::initialize() - create the skybox object
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// initialize initializes the general display design coordinator, creates the
// primitive sets, textures, objects, lights, sounds, cameras, and text items
//
void Design::initialize() {
// ...
// create textures
iTexture* sunset = CreateCubeTexture(L"Islands.dds");
// ...
iObject* skybox = CreateSkybox();
skybox->rotatex(-1.5708f);
skybox->attach(sunset);
setSkybox(skybox);
// ...
}
</syntaxhighlight>
* Coordinator.cpp
: Coordinator::render() - using different techniques for different objects
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void Coordinator::render() {
// adjust framecount and fps
if (now - lastReset <= unitsPerSec)
framecount++;
else {
// recalculate the frame rate
fps = framecount * unitsPerSec / (now - lastReset);
framecount = 0;
lastReset = now;
if (timerText) {
wchar_t str[MAX_DESC + 1];
sprintf(str, fps, L" fps");
timerText->set(str);
}
}
// update the user input devices
userInput->update();
Coordinator::update();
// update the model
update();
// update the audio
audio->setVolume(volume);
audio->setFrequencyRatio(frequency);
audio->update(Camera::getView());
// start rendering
display->beginDrawFrame(Camera::getView());
display->setAmbientLight(ambient.r, ambient.g, ambient.b);
unsigned nPasses;
// render all of the opaque unlit objects
display->beginEffect("opaque", nPasses);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < nPasses; i++) {
display->beginPass(i);
render(OPAQUE_OBJECT);
display->endPass();
}
display->endEffect();
// render all of the translucent unlit objects
display->beginEffect("translucent", nPasses);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < nPasses; i++) {
display->beginPass(i);
render(TRANSLUCENT_OBJECT);
display->endPass();
}
display->endEffect();
// render all of the lit objects
display->beginEffect("litObjects", nPasses);
for (unsigned i = 0; i < nPasses; i++) {
display->beginPass(i);
render(LIT_OBJECT);
display->endPass();
}
display->endEffect();
// render the skybox
display->beginEffect("skybox", nPasses);
if (background && !skybox) {
Rectf fullScreen(0, 0, 1, 1);
display->beginDrawHUD(0);
background->render(fullScreen, true);
display->endDrawHUD();
}
else if (skybox) {
for (unsigned i = 0; i < nPasses; i++) {
display->beginPass(i);
render(SKYBOX);
display->endPass();
}
}
display->endEffect();
display->set(ALPHA_BLEND, false);
display->beginDrawHUD(HUD_ALPHA);
render(ALL_HUDS);
display->endDrawHUD();
display->endDrawFrame();
render(ALL_SOUNDS);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: Coordinator::render(iObject*) - render a single object one subset at a time
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void Coordinator::render(iObject* object) {
display->setWorld(&object->world());
unsigned nSubsets = object->noSubsets();
for (unsigned i = 0; i < nSubsets; i++) {
iTexture* texture = object->getTexture(i);
if (texture) texture->attach();
display->setReflectivity(object->getReflectivity(i));
object->render(i);
if (texture) texture->detach();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
* Skybox class
: iObject interface - CreateSkybox declaration
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
class iObject : public Shape, public Base {
public:
// initialization
virtual void attach(iTexture* t) = 0;
virtual void attach(iTexture** t) = 0;
// execution
virtual unsigned noSubsets() const = 0;
virtual void render(unsigned) = 0;
virtual void setTextureFilter(unsigned) = 0;
virtual iTexture* getTexture(unsigned) const = 0;
virtual const void* getReflectivity(unsigned) const = 0;
virtual bool belongsTo(Category category) const = 0;
};
iObject* CreateObject(iGraphic*, const Reflectivity* = nullptr, unsigned = 1u);
iObject* CreateBillboard(BillboardType, iGraphic*,
const Reflectivity* = nullptr);
iObject* CreateSkybox();
iObject* Clone(const iObject*);
</syntaxhighlight>
: Skybox class - derived from Object
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
//-------------------------------- Skybox -------------------------------------
//
// A Skybox is an inverted Object that translates with the viewpoint
//
class Skybox : public Object {
public:
Skybox();
void render(unsigned);
};
</syntaxhighlight>
: CreateSkybox
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
iObject* CreateSkybox() {
return new Skybox();
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: Skybox::Skybox - SKYBOX category, 2 x 2 x 2 cube
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Skybox::Skybox() : Object(SKYBOX, CreateIBox(-1, -1, -1 * MODEL_Z_AXIS, 1, 1,
1 * MODEL_Z_AXIS)) {
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: Skybox::render(unsigned) - move skybox centroid to current camera position
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
void Skybox::render(unsigned) {
Camera* camera = *(Camera**)(Camera::getCurrent());
Vector disp = camera->position() - position();
translate(disp.x, disp.y, disp.z);
Object::render(0);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
* Texture class
: iTexture interface - CreateCubeTexture declaration
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
class iTexture : public Base {
public:
virtual void attach() const = 0;
virtual void setFilter(unsigned) const = 0;
virtual void detach() = 0;
virtual void render(const Rectf&, bool = false) = 0;
};
iTexture* CreateTexture(const wchar_t* file, unsigned filter = 0);
iTexture* CreateCubeTexture(const wchar_t* file, unsigned filter = 0);
iTexture* Clone(const iTexture*);
</syntaxhighlight>
: Texture class - add the cube parameter to constructor
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
class Texture : public iTexture {
iAPITexture* apiTexture; // points to the api texture
Texture(const Texture&);
virtual ~Texture();
public:
Texture(const wchar_t* file, unsigned filter = 0, bool cube = false);
Texture& operator=(const Texture&);
void* clone() const { return new Texture(*this); }
// execution
void attach() const;
void setFilter(unsigned) const;
void detach();
void render(const Rectf&, bool);
// termination
void suspend();
void release();
};</syntaxhighlight>
: CreateCubeTexture - call constructor with true flag for cube
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
iTexture* CreateCubeTexture(const wchar_t* file, unsigned filter) {
return new Texture(file, filter, true);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: Texture::Texture() - create APICubeTexture()
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Texture::Texture(const wchar_t* file, unsigned filter, bool cube) {
coordinator->add(this);
wchar_t* fileWithPath = nullptr;
if (file) {
// add the directory to create the relative filename
int len = strlen(file) + strlen(TEXTURE_DIRECTORY) + 1;
fileWithPath = new wchar_t[len + 1];
::nameWithDir(fileWithPath, TEXTURE_DIRECTORY, file, len);
}
// apiTexture on the graphics device
if (cube)
apiTexture = CreateAPICubeTexture(fileWithPath);
else
apiTexture = CreateAPITexture(fileWithPath, filter);
if (fileWithPath) delete [] fileWithPath;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: iAPITexture interface - add CreateAPICubeTexture declaration
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
class iAPITexture {
public:
virtual iAPITexture* clone() const = 0;
// execution
virtual void attach() = 0;
virtual void setFilter(unsigned flags) = 0;
virtual void detach() = 0;
virtual void render(const Rectf&, unsigned char, bool = false) = 0;
// termination
virtual void suspend() = 0;
virtual void release() = 0;
virtual void Delete() const = 0;
};
iAPITexture* CreateAPITexture(const wchar_t* file, unsigned filter);
iAPITexture* CreateAPICubeTexture(const wchar_t* file);
</syntaxhighlight>
* APITexture.h
: APICubeTexture class definition
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
class APICubeTexture : public iAPITexture, public APIBase {
wchar_t* file; // points to file with texture image
unsigned filter; // default texture filtering flags
IDirect3DCubeTexture9* tex; // interface to texture COM object
virtual ~APICubeTexture();
void setup();
public:
APICubeTexture(const wchar_t* file);
APICubeTexture(const APICubeTexture&);
iAPITexture& operator=(const APICubeTexture&);
iAPITexture* clone() const { return new APICubeTexture(*this); }
// execution
void attach();
void setFilter(unsigned filter) {}
void detach();
void render(const Rectf&, unsigned char, bool) {}
// suspension
void suspend();
// termination
void release();
void Delete() const { delete this; }
};
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb174329%28v=vs.85%29.aspx IDirect3DCubeTexture9 interface]
: APICubeTexture class implementation
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
//-------------------------------- APICubeTexture -----------------------------
//
// The APICubeTexture class implements a texture at the API level
//
iAPITexture* CreateAPICubeTexture(const wchar_t* file) {
return new APICubeTexture(file);
}
// constructor initializes the texture identifier
//
APICubeTexture::APICubeTexture(const wchar_t* file) {
if (file) {
int len = strlen(file);
this->file = new wchar_t[len + 1];
strcpy(this->file, file, len);
}
else
this->file = nullptr;
tex = nullptr;
}
APICubeTexture::APICubeTexture(const APICubeTexture& src) {
file = nullptr;
tex = nullptr;
*this = src;
}
iAPITexture& APICubeTexture::operator=(const APICubeTexture& src) {
if (this != &src) {
if (file)
delete [] file;
if (src.file) {
int len = strlen(src.file);
file = new wchar_t[len + 1];
strcpy(file, src.file, len);
}
else
file = nullptr;
suspend();
tex = nullptr;
}
return *this;
}
// setup creates the api texture from the texture file
//
void APICubeTexture::setup() {
// create a texture COM object from the texture file
//
HRESULT hr;
if (file && FAILED(hr = D3DXCreateCubeTextureFromFileEx(d3dd, file,
0, D3DX_DEFAULT, 0, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_DEFAULT,
D3DX_DEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, &tex))) {
error(L"APICubeTexture::11 Failed to create texture COM object from file");
tex = nullptr;
}
}
// attach attaches the api texture to sampling stage i
//
void APICubeTexture::attach() {
if (!tex) setup();
if (tex)
d3dd->SetTexture(0, tex);
}
// detach detaches the api texture from sampling stage 0
//
void APICubeTexture::detach() {
if (tex)
d3dd->SetTexture(0, nullptr);
}
// suspend releases the api texture
//
void APICubeTexture::suspend() {
// release the Interface to the texture COM object
if (tex) {
tex->Release();
tex = nullptr;
}
}
// releases suspends the api texture
//
void APICubeTexture::release() {
suspend();
}
// destructor releases the api texture
//
APICubeTexture::~APICubeTexture() {
release();
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172757%28v=vs.85%29.aspx D3DXCreateCubeTextureFromFileEx]
* effects.fx
: vertex shader outpu structure
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
//-------------------------------- Skybox -------------------------------------
//
struct FS_Skybox {
float4 pos : POSITION;
float3 tex : TEXCOORD0;
};
</syntaxhighlight>
: vertex shader
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
FS_Skybox skyboxVertexShader(float3 pos : POSITION) {
FS_Skybox output = (FS_Skybox) 0;
output.pos = mul(float4(pos, 0), world); // Note the 0, this so the skybox rotates, but without translation
output.pos = mul(output.pos, viewProjection).xyww; // The z coordinate is replaced by w, so that the point is always projected at infinity
output.tex = pos.xzy; // Note that y and z are switched to match the texture coordinate system
return output;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: skybox sampler state
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
texture skyBox;
samplerCUBE skySampler = sampler_state {
texture = <skyBox>;
MagFilter = LINEAR;
Minfilter = LINEAR;
Mipfilter = LINEAR;
AddressU = MIRROR;
AddressV = MIRROR;
AddressW = MIRROR;
};
</syntaxhighlight>
: fragment shader
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
float4 skyboxFragmentShader(FS_Skybox input) : COLOR0 {
return texCUBE(skySampler, input.tex);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: skybox technique
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
technique skybox {
pass {
AlphaBlendEnable = false;
ZENABLE = true;
ZWRITEENABLE = false; // By not storing the skybox's z-buffer value, it enables objects behind the skybox to be drawn, giving a realist look (e.g. an airplane in the distance)
CullMode = None;
VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 skyboxVertexShader();
PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 skyboxFragmentShader();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
=== Resources ===
* [http://rbwhitaker.wikidot.com/skyboxes-1 RB Whitaker's notes on skyboxes]
* [http://knol.google.com/k/3d-skybox# Koen Samyn's knol]
* [http://www.gameengineer.net/samples-graphics.html Game Engineer's demo]
* [http://www.planetside.co.uk/terragen Terragen Texture Tool]
* DirectX Utility - DirectX Texture Tool
== Week 8 9 - Mar 4 11 ==
=== This Week ===
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb147178%28v=VS.85%29.aspx Mathematics of Lighting]
*** [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb509617%28v=vs.85%29.aspx length()] - length of a vector
*** [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb509645%28v=vs.85%29.aspx saturate()] - clamp scalar, vector, or matrix to [0, 1]
* effects.fx - for unlit vertices and fragments
: Uniform data
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
#define MLIGHTS 4
#define POINT_LIGHT 0
#define SPOT_LIGHT 1
#define DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT 2
// Types
//
// Light holds the data for a single static light in world space
//
struct Light {
int type; // POINT_LIGHT, SPOT_LIGHT, DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
float3 ambient;
float3 diffuse;
float3 specular;
float3 direction; // in world space
float3 position; // in world space
float3 attenuation; // .xyz for 1.0f/ (.x + .y * d + .z * d * d)
float3 spot; // .x = cos(phi/2), .y = cos(theta/2), .z = falloff
float range; // where attenuation becomes 0
};
// Material holds the reflectivity properties of the material
//
struct Material {
float4 ambient;
float4 diffuse;
float4 specular;
float power;
};
// Uniform Data (constant for the stream of vertices)
//
// Geometry
float4x4 viewProjection; // view * projection transformation
float4x4 world; // world transformation
float4 viewPoint; // camera viewpoint for specular calcs
float3 heading; // camera heading for specular calcs
int noLights; // no of static lights
Light light[MLIGHTS]; // static lights
bool lightOn[MLIGHTS]; // light switch
// Uniform Data (constant for a stream of fragments)
//
float4 ambient; // global ambient light - always on
Material material; // material reflectivity
bool texOn; // texture switch
texture texMap;
sampler2D tex = sampler_state {
texture = <texMap>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = MIRROR;
AddressV = MIRROR;
};
</syntaxhighlight>
: Varying Data - simple unlit objects
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
//-------------------------------- Simple Unlit Objects -----------------------
//
// UnlitInput holds the original data for a vertex in the stream
//
struct UnlitVSInput {
float3 position : POSITION; // position in local space
float3 normal : NORMAL; // normal in local space
float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinates
};
// UnlitOutput holds the transformed data for the vertex
//
struct UnlitVSOutput {
float4 position : POSITION; // position in homogeneous clip space
float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD; // texture coordinates
float3 normal : TEXCOORD1; // lighting normal in world space
float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD2; // direction to viewer in world space
float3 toLight[MLIGHTS] : TEXCOORD3; // light vector
};
// UnlitFSInput holds the input data for a single fragment of the stream
//
struct UnlitFSInput {
float2 texCoord : TEXCOORD0; // texture coordinate at this fragment
float3 normal : TEXCOORD1; // lighting normal in world space
float3 toViewer : TEXCOORD2; // direction to viewer in world space
float3 toLight[MLIGHTS] : TEXCOORD3; // direction from fragment to light i
};
</syntaxhighlight>
: Vertex Shader
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// unlitVShader transforms vertex and lighting data for simple unlit objects
//
UnlitVSOutput unlitVShader(UnlitVSInput input) {
UnlitVSOutput output; // result returned by this function
// Transform the vertex coordinates to homogeneous clip coordinates
//
// A more efficient algorithm would accept the world*view*projection
// tranformation as one uniform matrix and avoid the 2-stage product
// This will require a bit of restructuring of the application code.
//
output.position = mul(float4(input.position, 1.0), world); // local to world
output.position = mul(output.position, viewProjection); //... to clip
// Determine the vector from this vertex to the viewer
output.toViewer = viewPoint.xyz - input.position;
// Determine the vector from this vertex to light source i in local space
// (assumes that light position and direction are specified in local space)
for (int i = 0; i < noLights; i++)
if (light[i].type == DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT)
output.toLight[i] = - light[i].direction;
else
output.toLight[i] = light[i].position - input.position;
// pass the normal and texture coordinates along unaltered
//
output.normal = input.normal;
output.texCoord = input.texCoord;
return output;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: Fragment Shader
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// This fragment shader processes lighting for noLights lights in object space
// and returns a pixel colour
//
float4 unlitFShader(UnlitFSInput input) : COLOR {
float4 output; // result returned by this function
float3 normal; // normal to the fragment
float3 toViewer; // from fragment to the camera
float3 toLightSource; // from fragment to current light source
// lighting contribution accumulators
float3 ambientLight = ambient.xyz;
float3 diffuseLight = (float3)0;
float3 specularLight = (float3)0;
// lighting calculation factors
float diffuseFactor, reflectFactor, distance, factor;
float attenuationFactor, spotFactor, rho;
// normalize the fragment input
normal = normalize(input.normal);
toViewer = normalize(input.toViewer);
// perform calculations for each light in turn
for (int i = 0; i < noLights && i < MLIGHTS; i++) {
if (lightOn[i]) {
// diffuse and reflection factors
toLightSource = normalize(input.toLight[i]);
diffuseFactor = saturate(dot(normal, toLightSource));
reflectFactor = saturate(dot(normalize(2 * diffuseFactor *
normal - toLightSource), toViewer));
// attenuation
if (light[i].type != DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
distance = length(input.toLight[i]);
if (distance < light[i].range) {
attenuationFactor = light[i].attenuation.x +
light[i].attenuation.y * distance +
light[i].attenuation.z * distance * distance;
attenuationFactor = 1.0f / attenuationFactor;
}
else
attenuationFactor = 0.0f;
}
else
attenuationFactor = 1.0f;
// spot
if (light[i].type == SPOT_LIGHT) {
rho = saturate(dot(toLightSource,
normalize(-light[i].direction)));
if (rho <= light[i].spot.x)
spotFactor = 0.0f;
else if (rho <= light[i].spot.y)
spotFactor = pow(abs(
(rho - light[i].spot.x)/
(light[i].spot.y - light[i].spot.x)),
light[i].spot.z);
else
spotFactor = 1.0f;
}
else
spotFactor = 1.0;
factor = attenuationFactor * spotFactor;
// accumulate ambient, diffuse, and specular elements of light i
ambientLight += factor * light[i].ambient.xyz;
diffuseLight += factor * diffuseFactor * light[i].diffuse.xyz;
specularLight += factor * light[i].specular.xyz *
pow(reflectFactor, material.power);
}
}
// apply material reflectivity to each accumulated element of light
// to obtain the colour of the lit fragment
//
output.xyz =
saturate(material.ambient.xyz * ambientLight) +
saturate(material.diffuse.xyz * diffuseLight) +
saturate(material.specular.xyz * specularLight);
output.w = material.diffuse.w;
// sample the texture
//
if (texOn)
output *= tex2D(tex, input.texCoord);
return output;
}
</syntaxhighlight>
: techniques - opaque and translucent
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
technique opaque {
pass {
AlphaBlendEnable = false;
VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 unlitVShader();
PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 unlitFShader();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
technique translucent {
pass {
AlphaBlendEnable = true;
VertexShader = compile vs_3_0 unlitVShader();
PixelShader = compile ps_3_0 unlitFShader();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
=== Resources ===
== Week 10 - Mar 18 ==
=== This Week ===
* Texturing - Identification
: connection between Design.cpp and effects.fx
** iTexture.h
:: add texture and texture state identifier
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
iTexture* CreateTexture(const wchar_t* file, const char* str,
const char* isOn);
</syntaxhighlight>
** Texture.h
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
Texture(const wchar_t*, const char*, const char*);
</syntaxhighlight>
** Texture.cpp
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// constructor initializes the texture identifier
//
Texture::Texture(const wchar_t* file, const char* str,
const char* isOn) : filter(0u) {
if (file) {
int len = strlen(file);
this->file = new wchar_t[len + 1];
strcpy(this->file, file, len);
}
else
this->file = nullptr;
tex = nullptr;
#if PIPELINE == FIXED_FUNCTION
#elif PIPELINE == PROGRAMMABLE
#elif PIPELINE == PROGRAMMABLE_EFFECT
textureHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, str);
textureonHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, isOn);
#endif
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
effect->SetTexture(textureHandle, tex);
effect->SetBool(textureonHandle, true);
</syntaxhighlight>
** iAPITexture.h
:: add texture and texture state identifier
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
iAPITexture* CreateAPITexture(const wchar_t* file, const char* str,
const char* isOn);
</syntaxhighlight>
** APITexture.h
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
D3DXHANDLE textureHandle; // points to texture
D3DXHANDLE textureonHandle; // points to texture on status
public:
APITexture(const wchar_t*, const char*, const char*);
</syntaxhighlight>
** APITexture.cpp
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// constructor initializes the texture identifier
//
APITexture::APITexture(const wchar_t* file, const char* str,
const char* isOn, AddressMode m) : filter(0u), mode(m) {
if (file) {
int len = strlen(file);
this->file = new wchar_t[len + 1];
strcpy(this->file, file, len);
}
else
this->file = nullptr;
tex = nullptr;
target = nullptr;
#if PIPELINE == FIXED_FUNCTION
#elif PIPELINE == PROGRAMMABLE
#elif PIPELINE == PROGRAMMABLE_EFFECT
textureHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, str);
textureonHandle = effect->GetParameterByName(0, isOn);
#endif
}
</syntaxhighlight>
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
effect->SetTexture(textureHandle, tex);
effect->SetBool(textureonHandle, true);
</syntaxhighlight>
* Texturing - Tiling
: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb206245%28v=vs.85%29.aspx Texture Coordinates]
** iGraphic.h
:: add u v parameters, both of which default to 1
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
iGraphic* CreateBox(float, float, float, float, float, float,
float = 1, float = 1);
iGraphic* CreateIBox(float, float, float, float, float, float,
float = 1, float = 1);
iGraphic* CreateRectangleList(float, float, float, float,
float = 1, float = 1);
iGraphic* CreateIRectangleList(float, float, float, float,
float = 1, float = 1);
iGraphic* CreateMeshBox(float, float, float, float, float,
float, float = 1, float = 1);
</syntaxhighlight>
** Graphic.cpp
:: extend add functions to include u v parameters
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
//-------------------------------- Graphic Structures -------------------------
//
// prototypes for add() function used by the Create...() functions
void add(VertexList<Vertex>*, const Vector&, const Vector&, const Vector&,
const Vector&, const Vector&, float = 1, float = 1);
void add(IndexedList<Vertex>*, const Vector&, const Vector&, const Vector&,
const Vector&, const Vector&, float = 1, float = 1);
void add(CustomMesh<Vertex>*, const Vector&, const Vector&, const Vector&,
const Vector&, const Vector&, float = 1, float = 1);
// CreateBox builds a triangle vertex list for a brick-like box from two
// extreme points one face at a time with all faces having the same attributes
//
iGraphic* CreateBox(float minx, float miny, float minz, float maxx,
float maxy, float maxz, float u, float v) {
VertexList<Vertex>* vertexList =
(VertexList<Vertex>*)CreateVertexList<Vertex>(TRIANGLE_LIST, 12);
float x = (minx + maxx) / 2;
float y = (miny + maxy) / 2;
float z = (minz + maxz) / 2;
minx -= x;
miny -= y;
minz -= z;
maxx -= x;
maxy -= y;
maxz -= z;
// bounding sphere
float max;
max = maxx > maxy ? maxx : maxy;
max = maxz > max ? maxz : max;
vertexList->setRadius(1.73205f * max);
// locate centroid at origin
Vector p1 = Vector(minx, miny, minz),
p2 = Vector(minx, maxy, minz),
p3 = Vector(maxx, maxy, minz),
p4 = Vector(maxx, miny, minz),
p5 = Vector(minx, miny, maxz),
p6 = Vector(minx, maxy, maxz),
p7 = Vector(maxx, maxy, maxz),
p8 = Vector(maxx, miny, maxz);
add(vertexList, p1, p2, p3, p4, Vector(0, 0, -1), u, v); // front
add(vertexList, p4, p3, p7, p8, Vector(1, 0, 0), u, v); // right
add(vertexList, p8, p7, p6, p5, Vector(0, 0, 1), u, v); // back
add(vertexList, p6, p2, p1, p5, Vector(-1, 0, 0), u, v); // left
add(vertexList, p1, p4, p8, p5, Vector(0, -1, 0), u, v); // bottom
add(vertexList, p2, p6, p7, p3, Vector(0, 1, 0), u, v); // top
return vertexList;
}
iGraphic* CreateIBox(float minx, float miny, float minz, float maxx,
float maxy, float maxz, float u, float v) {
IndexedList<Vertex>* indexedList = (IndexedList<Vertex>*)
CreateIndexedList<Vertex, unsigned short>(TRIANGLE_LIST, 12);
float x = (minx + maxx) / 2;
float y = (miny + maxy) / 2;
float z = (minz + maxz) / 2;
minx -= x;
miny -= y;
minz -= z;
maxx -= x;
maxy -= y;
maxz -= z;
// bounding sphere
float max;
max = maxx > maxy ? maxx : maxy;
max = maxz > max ? maxz : max;
indexedList->setRadius(1.73205f * max);
// locate centroid at origin
Vector p1 = Vector(minx, miny, minz),
p2 = Vector(minx, maxy, minz),
p3 = Vector(maxx, maxy, minz),
p4 = Vector(maxx, miny, minz),
p5 = Vector(minx, miny, maxz),
p6 = Vector(minx, maxy, maxz),
p7 = Vector(maxx, maxy, maxz),
p8 = Vector(maxx, miny, maxz);
add(indexedList, p1, p2, p3, p4, Vector(0, 0, -1), u, v); // front
add(indexedList, p4, p3, p7, p8, Vector(1, 0, 0), u, v); // right
add(indexedList, p8, p7, p6, p5, Vector(0, 0, 1), u, v); // back
add(indexedList, p6, p2, p1, p5, Vector(-1, 0, 0), u, v); // left
add(indexedList, p1, p4, p8, p5, Vector(0, -1, 0), u, v); // bottom
add(indexedList, p2, p6, p7, p3, Vector(0, 1, 0), u, v); // top
return indexedList;
}
// CreateRectangleList builds a triangle list in the x-y plane from its two
// extreme points
//
iGraphic* CreateRectangleList(float minx, float miny, float maxx, float maxy,
float u, float v) {
VertexList<Vertex>* vertexList =
(VertexList<Vertex>*)CreateVertexList<Vertex>(TRIANGLE_LIST, 2);
float x = (minx + maxx) / 2, y = (miny + maxy) / 2;
minx -= x;
miny -= y;
maxx -= x;
maxy -= y;
// bounding sphere
float max;
max = maxx > maxy ? maxx : maxy;
vertexList->setRadius(1.73205f * max);
// locate centroid at origin
Vector p1 = Vector(minx, miny, 0),
p2 = Vector(minx, maxy, 0),
p3 = Vector(maxx, maxy, 0),
p4 = Vector(maxx, miny, 0);
add(vertexList, p1, p2, p3, p4, Vector(0, 0, -1), u, v);
return vertexList;
}
// CreateIRectangleList builds an indexed triangle list in the x-y plane from
// its two extreme points
//
iGraphic* CreateIRectangleList(float minx, float miny, float maxx, float maxy,
float u, float v) {
IndexedList<Vertex>* indexedList = (IndexedList<Vertex>*)
CreateIndexedList<Vertex, unsigned short>(TRIANGLE_LIST, 2);
float x = (minx + maxx) / 2, y = (miny + maxy) / 2;
minx -= x;
miny -= y;
maxx -= x;
maxy -= y;
// bounding sphere
float max;
max = maxx > maxy ? maxx : maxy;
indexedList->setRadius(1.73205f * max);
// locate centroid at origin
Vector p1 = Vector(minx, miny, 0),
p2 = Vector(minx, maxy, 0),
p3 = Vector(maxx, maxy, 0),
p4 = Vector(maxx, miny, 0);
add(indexedList, p1, p2, p3, p4, Vector(0, 0, -1), u, v);
return indexedList;
}
// CreateIRectangleList builds an indexed triangle list in the x-y plane from
// its two extreme points
//
iGraphic* CreateBRectangleList(float minx, float miny, float maxx, float maxy,
float u, float v) {
IndexedList<BumpVertex>* indexedList = (IndexedList<BumpVertex>*)
CreateIndexedList<BumpVertex, unsigned short>(TRIANGLE_LIST, 2);
float x = (minx + maxx) / 2, y = (miny + maxy) / 2;
minx -= x;
miny -= y;
maxx -= x;
maxy -= y;
// bounding sphere
float max;
max = maxx > maxy ? maxx : maxy;
indexedList->setRadius(1.73205f * max);
// locate centroid at origin
Vector p1 = Vector(minx, miny, 0),
p2 = Vector(minx, maxy, 0),
p3 = Vector(maxx, maxy, 0),
p4 = Vector(maxx, miny, 0);
add(indexedList, p1, p2, p3, p4, Vector(0, 0, -1), u, v);
return indexedList;
}
// CreateMeshBox builds a mesh for a brick-like box from two extreme points one
// face at a time with each faces having distinct attributes
//
iGraphic* CreateMeshBox(float minx, float miny, float minz, float maxx,
float maxy, float maxz, float u, float v) {
unsigned attribute[] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5};
CustomMesh<>* mesh = (CustomMesh<>*)
CreateCustomMesh<Vertex, unsigned short>(attribute, 12, 36, 24, 6);
float x = (minx + maxx) / 2, y = (miny + maxy) / 2, z = (minz + maxz) / 2;
minx -= x;
miny -= y;
minz -= z;
maxx -= x;
maxy -= y;
maxz -= z;
// bounding sphere
float max;
max = maxx > maxy ? maxx : maxy;
max = maxz > max ? maxz : max;
mesh->setRadius(1.73205f * max);
// one face at a time
Vector p1 = Vector(minx, miny, minz),
p2 = Vector(minx, maxy, minz),
p3 = Vector(maxx, maxy, minz),
p4 = Vector(maxx, miny, minz),
p5 = Vector(minx, miny, maxz),
p6 = Vector(minx, maxy, maxz),
p7 = Vector(maxx, maxy, maxz),
p8 = Vector(maxx, miny, maxz);
add(mesh, p1, p2, p3, p4, Vector(0, 0, -1), u, v); // front
add(mesh, p4, p3, p7, p8, Vector(1, 0, 0), u, v); // right
add(mesh, p8, p7, p6, p5, Vector(0, 0, 1), u, v); // back
add(mesh, p6, p2, p1, p5, Vector(-1, 0, 0), u, v); // left
add(mesh, p1, p4, p8, p5, Vector(0, -1, 0), u, v); // bottom
add(mesh, p2, p6, p7, p3, Vector(0, 1, 0), u, v); // top
return mesh;
}
void add(VertexList<Vertex>* vertexList, const Vector& p1, const Vector& p2,
const Vector& p3, const Vector& p4, const Vector& n, float u, float v) {
vertexList->add(Vertex(p1, n, 0, v));
vertexList->add(Vertex(p2, n, 0, 0));
vertexList->add(Vertex(p3, n, u, 0));
vertexList->add(Vertex(p1, n, 0, v));
vertexList->add(Vertex(p3, n, u, 0));
vertexList->add(Vertex(p4, n, u, v));
}
void add(IndexedList<Vertex>* indexedList, const Vector& p1, const Vector& p2,
const Vector& p3, const Vector& p4, const Vector& n, float u, float v) {
unsigned v1 = indexedList->add(Vertex(p1, n, 0, v));
unsigned v2 = indexedList->add(Vertex(p2, n, 0, 0));
unsigned v3 = indexedList->add(Vertex(p3, n, u, 0));
unsigned v4 = indexedList->add(Vertex(p4, n, u, v));
indexedList->add(v1);
indexedList->add(v2);
indexedList->add(v3);
indexedList->add(v1);
indexedList->add(v3);
indexedList->add(v4);
}
void add(CustomMesh<Vertex>* mesh, const Vector& p1, const Vector& p2,
const Vector& p3, const Vector& p4, const Vector& n, float u, float v) {
unsigned v1 = mesh->add(Vertex(p1, n, 0, v));
unsigned v2 = mesh->add(Vertex(p2, n, 0, 0));
unsigned v3 = mesh->add(Vertex(p3, n, u, 0));
unsigned v4 = mesh->add(Vertex(p4, n, u, v));
mesh->add(v1);
mesh->add(v2);
mesh->add(v3);
mesh->add(v1);
mesh->add(v3);
mesh->add(v4);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
* Texturing - Address Modes
: [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb206239%28v=vs.85%29.aspx Direct3D9 Addressing Modes]
** APITexture.h
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
D3DXHANDLE textureMode; // points to texture mode
</syntaxhighlight>
** APITexture.cpp
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
effect->SetInt(textureMode, (int)mode);
</syntaxhighlight>
** effects.fx - uniform variables
::
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// Addressing Modes
#define TEX_WRAP 0
#define TEX_CLAMP 1
#define TEX_MIRROR 2
//...
bool tex_1_On; // texture switch
int tex_mode; // addressing mode
texture tex_1;
sampler2D tex_1_ww = sampler_state {
texture = <tex_1>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = WRAP;
AddressV = WRAP;
};
sampler2D tex_1_mm = sampler_state {
texture = <tex_1>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = MIRROR;
AddressV = MIRROR;
};
sampler2D tex_1_cc = sampler_state {
texture = <tex_1>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = CLAMP;
AddressV = CLAMP;
};
</syntaxhighlight>
** effects.fx - fragment shader
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
// sample the texture
//
if (tex_1_On) {
if (tex_mode == TEX_CLAMP)
output *= tex2D(tex_1_cc, input.texCoord);
else if (tex_mode == TEX_WRAP)
output *= tex2D(tex_1_ww, input.texCoord);
else if (tex_mode == TEX_MIRROR)
output *= tex2D(tex_1_mm, input.texCoord);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
* Texturing - Multi-Texturing
** effects.fx - uniform variables
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
bool tex_2_On; // texture switch
texture tex_2;
sampler2D tex_2_ww = sampler_state {
texture = <tex_2>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = WRAP;
AddressV = WRAP;
};
sampler2D tex_2_mm = sampler_state {
texture = <tex_2>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = MIRROR;
AddressV = MIRROR;
};
sampler2D tex_2_cc = sampler_state {
texture = <tex_2>;
Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
AddressU = CLAMP;
AddressV = CLAMP;
};
</syntaxhighlight>
** effects.fx - fragment shader
:
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
if (tex_2_On) {
if (tex_mode == TEX_CLAMP)
output *= tex2D(tex_2_cc, input.texCoord);
else if (tex_mode == TEX_WRAP)
output *= tex2D(tex_2_ww, input.texCoord);
else if (tex_mode == TEX_MIRROR)
output *= tex2D(tex_2_mm, input.texCoord);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
=== Resources ===
<!--
== Week 11 - Mar 25 ==
=== This Week ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
=== Resources ===
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== Week 12 - Apr 1 ==
=== This Week ===
<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp">
</syntaxhighlight>
=== To Do ===
=== Resources ===
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