[[Category:OPS235]]{{Admon/caution | SUMMER 2010 THIS IS AN OLD VERSION OF THE ASSIGNMENT| '''This is the Summer 2010 assignment, and will be changed for Fall 2010an archived version. Do not use this in your OPS235 course.'''}}= OPS235 Assignment 2 =

{{Admon/note | Please take note! | Doing your assignment is part '''Weight:''' 5% of your ongoing learning process. As such you will be tested on this material in future tests and exams. If you have any questions or need help, please consult your instructor in a timely manner. The due date for this assignment will not be extended. This assignment will be marked partially through demonstration or through the submission of files.}}overall grade

Due Date: Week 13 - week of Aug 9-13 ('''Check with your Professor for exact date''')  {{Admon/important | Very ImportantIt is YOUR responsibility to Backup your centos3 VM for this Assignment! | Before making any changes You are required to frequently backup your system configuration, backup VM prior to exiting a work session during this assignment. Your instructor will NOT accept the original fact that your hard disk crashed and lost all of your work. If you properly backed up your VM images and xml configuration files into the <code>/backups</code> directoryto a USB, then you can purchase a new hard-disk or wipe and recreate your hard disk and restore your VMs.}}<br>

In this assignment, you will demonstrate the skills you have learned to this point by configuring two services: a '''database server ''' and a '''web server'''. You will install and use a database-backed web application, MediaWiki'''Wordpress''', to show that these services have been installed properly. Finally, you You will also configure the SELinux security system and the web server to serve files in the <code>public_html</code> subdirectory of each user's home directory, including a short web script. In this assignment, you will attempt to maintain a high level of security, by using SELinux and the iptables firewall to guard against unauthorized access. This lab may be performed using any combination of your virtual machines and/or host disk pack. == About SELinux == SELinux stands for ''Security Enhanced Linux'' and is based on research performed at NSA and other locations. Where the normal Unix/Linux security system, based upon file permissions, is a ''discretionary access control'' system (DAC), SELinux is a ''mandatory access control'' system (MAC). This means that it attempts to enforce a consistent policy across the entire system, regardless of settings that any user has configured. SELinux decisions are based on the ''security context'' of system resources such as files and processes. The security context consists of a user, role, type, and sensitivity component; you can see the security context of files and processes by adding the <code>-Z</code> option to the <code>ls</code> and <code>ps</code> commands:  $ ls -lZ drwxr-xr-x. root root '''system_u:object_r:file_t:s0''' arm drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' arm2 drwxrwxr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' bin drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Desktop drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Documents drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Downloads -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora0.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora1.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora2.ks -rw-------. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' fedora3.ks -rw-rw-r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' foo -rw-r--r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' hosts drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Music drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Pictures drwxrwxr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' play drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Public drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Templates drwxr-xr-x. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' Videos -rw-r--r--. chris chris '''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0''' x [chris@muskoka ~]$ ps -Z LABEL PID TTY TIME CMD '''unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023''' 2595 pts/1 00:00:00 bash '''unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023''' 2612 pts/1 00:00:00 ps The SELinux policy controls the interactions between security contexts. For example, the policy may specify that the Apache httpd webserver cannot read files in <code>/etc</code>, so if an attacker finds a way to make httpd (or a script run by httpd) read a file in <code>/etc</code>, SELinux will recognize that this is not normal and will deny the access. Since this is done at further enhance the kernel level, httpd will get a "file not found" error, even though the file is present, and there is no way for httpd to work around that error. === SELinux Context Commands === There are two main commands used to set the SELinux security context of files:# chcon - sets the security context of a file to a particular value#* Example: setting the ''type'' of a file: <code>chcon -t ''unconfined_t'' ''/tmp/foo''</code>#* Example: setting the user/role/type of a file: <code>chcon ''unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t'' ''~/foo''</code># restorecon - resets the default security context of a file#* Example: reset the context of one file: <code>restorecon /etc/services</code>#* Example: recursively reset the contexts of all of the files in a directory: <code>restorecon -R ~</code> You can reset the default security context of the entire system at the next boot with this command:  touch /.autorelabel === SELinux Booleans === SELinux policy can be tuned (without writing an entirely new policy) through the use of ''booleans'' or option switches. Each boolean can have a value of on (1) or off (0). The <code>getsebool</code> and <code>setsebool</code> commands can be used to view and set SELinux boolean values: {|class="mediawiki sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0"!Command!Description|-|<code>getsebool -a</code>|Displays all SELinux booleans|-|<code>getsebool ''foo''</code>|Displays the SELinux boolean ''foo''|-|<code>setsebool ''foo'' ''value''</code>|Sets the SELinux boolean ''foo'' to ''value'' (where ''value'' is 0 or "off", or 1 or "on")|}  === SELinux Graphical Tools === The ''your computer system-config-selinux'' tool, which is on the menu as System>Adminstration>SELinux Management, provides a GUI for managing SELinux booleans and more.

Install these packages using ''yum'':* '''httpd''' - this is the Apache web server software. It provides the '''httpd''' service, which runs on port 80.* '''mysql-serverphp''' - this is the MySQL database PHP server. It provides the '''mysqld''' servicesoftware, which runs on a Unix domain socketallows Apache to run more complex websites.* '''mediawikiphp-mysql''' - this is the wiki software used by this wiki, Wikipedia, and many other sites. It is a series of PHP scripts which are run by Apache httpd as requests are received, and it connects extension that allows PHP to use a local database such as MySQLserver.

# Start the httpd service using the '''serviceNOTE:''' command.# Confirm that you can connect to your web server using a web browser -- both from the machine on which the server is running as well as from another machine on This package may not be in the same networkmain repository. You should see There a test page.# Configure this software to start when the system is booted.# Create a very simple HTML index page for your system, and place it at <code> /var/www/html/index.html </code># Confirm that you can view the index page. If not, adjust your iptables configuration as necessary, or check for errors in <code>/var/log/httpd</code>couple of options:

When # Start the MySQL service (mysqld or mariadb) using '''systemctl'''.# Ensure that the mysqld/mariadb service starts automatically during boot.# You may get messages after starting the MySQL service for the first time. Do not ignore these messages, it will tell you how to set a password and take other basic steps to secure the the MySQL server. Follow those instructions to set a password, recording the detail of what you do for later use.#* If you do not see any messages, research how you are donecan secure the MySQL installation and set the MySQL-root password.#* Read those messages carefully, you should are setting up a production MySQL server and there shouldn't be able any "test" databases or anonymous users or users without a password.# Set your MySQL root password to go your learn ID (without the @senecac.on.ca part).# This following part is challenging so take your time and read the instructions to make sure you do it properly, we have to <code>set up a dedicated user and database for wordpress:## Start by looking at http://'''hostname'''codex.wordpress.org/wiki</code> from any directly-connected machineInstalling_WordPress#Using_the_MySQL_Client where you will find instructions for the setup.## You will need to run those commands in a centos3 terminal.## Your adminusername is root## Your databasename is myblog## Your wordpressusername is your learn ID## The password should also be your learn ID## Your hostname is localhost

=== Serving Personal Web Pages =Installing and Configuring Wordpress ==

# Configure httpd to serve the <code>~/public_html</code> directories of your users. This will require changes to <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> as well as the SELinux configuration. See the man page for <code>httpd_selinux</code> and the Apache [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ httpd documentation] for details.# Prove that this works by creating a page in your <code>~/public_html</code> directory. The URL will be <code>http://''hostname''/~''your-user-id''/</code># Create a short web script which displays the available disk space on the computer. At its Wordpress (like most basic level, a web script applications) is not available in the same as a regular scriptFedora repositories, with this additional requirement:#* It it must output the line "Content-type: text/plain" or "Content-type: text/html" (depending on whether the script output is plain text or HTML), followed by a blank line.# Name the script <code>~/public_html/diskfree.cgi</code> - The URL will be <code>http://''hostname''/~''your-user-id''/diskfree.cgi</code># Configure httpd downloaded and SELinux to allow your script to be run from the web. This will require changes to <code>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf</code> as well as the SELinux configuration (possibly including both booleans and SELinux context). As with step 1, see the man page for <code>httpd_selinux</code> and the Apache [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ httpd documentation] for detailsinstalled manually.

{{Admon# Download the latest .tar.gz version from wodpress.org into your centos3 (use wget).# Extract it into '''/var/www/html'''# Now we need to allow Apache to modify the wordpress installation. To do this use chown -R to make the owner and group of every file and directory inside wordpress "apache".# Check your work so far by pointing your web browser to http://centos3/wordpress/tip|Hint|Look for where you will get an error starting with "There doesn't seem to be a wp-config.php file"add# Copy the wp-config-sample.php file to wp-config.php and edit the new file:#* Change the DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD to the appropriate values.# Now go back to http://centos3/wordpress/ -handleryou should see a Wordpress Welcome/Setup page.#* Set the title to Your Name's Blog. For example for me it would be " line in Andrew Smith's Blog"#* Set the password to your learn ID.#* Set the email to your httpdSeneca email address.conf file#* Click "Install Wordpress", you should see a "Success!" message.}}

Create Write a high-quality write-up of this assignment blog post on your wiki. Describe in detail exactly what you did to set up each component. Include at least these pagesnew blog explaining:# A main page, describing in general terms what you did and containing links to the other wiki pages* What is Apache, as well as a link to the page and script in your <code>~/public_html</code> directory.# A page for your httpd configuration. Along with a descriptionPHP, include the exact text of your httpd.conf file.# A page for your MySQL configuration. Along with a description, include the details of the steps you performed to set up MySQLand Wordpress.# A page for your SELinux configuration. Along with a description, include a list of all of your booleans * What problems (minor and their current settings. Show that the configuration is as tight as possible (e.g., don't change booleans unnecessarilymajor).# A page for your MediaWiki configuration. Along with a description, include your MediaWiki configuration file.# A page for your iptables configuration. Show you ran into during the exact iptables rules that are in effect. Demonstrate that the configuration is as tight as possible. The easiest way to create new page is to create a link to it from an existing page (such as the main page), installation and then follow that linkhow you solved them.

Resources Write a second post on wiki markupyour blog explaining:* [http://enAre you ready for the exam or not.* List the material you are strong on.wikipedia* List the material you are worried about.org/wiki/Help:Wiki_markup Wiki markup] - Wikipedia* [[Sandbox|Sandbox page on this wiki]] - examplesList any questions or topics you would like me to address during exam review.

{{Admon/tip|Bonus Opportunity!|Change the default icon in the upper-left corner of ''' Make your MediaWiki installation to a picture of your choosingposts look professional. Be sure that you have copyright clearance to That means use that image (e.g.good english, it is licensed to youheadings, bullet or it is a picture you own)numbered lists, etc.}}

== Submitting the Your Assignment ==

'''Due date:''' Your professor name will require be called in the lab on the due date for the assignment. If you to submit this assignment are not there when your name is called - you will lose 20% of your mark. In that case you may show me your submission in at least one the second lab that week instead. Assignments submitted after that will receive a grade of two ways:0, but must still be completed satisfactorily in order to pass the course.

# Demonstrate that the wiki is working.# Make sure all of the <code><nowiki>http://</nowiki></code>-style links (for the wiki image, link === Ready to diskfree.cfgi, and so forth) use the same hostname (don't use "localhost" for one and "f12host" for another, for example).# Use wget to harvest the wiki pages:#* Issue the command: <code>wget -prk http://''hostname''/wiki</code> -- where ''hostname'' matches the hostname used in the <code><nowiki>http://</nowiki></code> links in your wiki pages.#* Create a compressed tar file containing the results. (name the file <learnid>-a2.tgz)#* Submit it to your professor in the manner he specifies.show ===

Check with your professor for Open one or more terminals in c7host, SSH to centos3 from those terminals, and have the submission details for your sectionfollowing ready:* The correct RPMs are installed* Output showing firewall has been properly set up* Output of chkconfig --list mysqld* Output of chkconfig --list httpd* MySQL output of: show databases; use mysql; select User,Password from user; use myblog; show tables;* Output of ls -la /var/www/html/wodpress/* Output of head -30 /var/www/html/wodpress/wp-config.php* Open a firefox with http://centos3/wordpress/

=== Sections A & B - Chris Tyler Rubric ===

* Submit online through this link[[Category: https://cs.senecac.on.ca/~andrew.grimo/ops235/a2/ by 11:59pm, Friday, August 13. == Assessment == * 50% - completion of steps - quality of configuration, iptables and SELinux configuration as tight as possible* 50% - documentation on the wiki - quality of writing, quality of presentation, and accuracy and completeness of information* +5% - bonus for replacing the wiki logoOPS235]]